O'Connor P J, Morgan W P
Exercise and Sport Research Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe.
Sports Med. 1990 Jul;10(1):20-30. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199010010-00003.
Athletes travel across multiple time zones in order to engage in national or international competition. It has often been assumed that rapid transmeridian translocation has a negative impact on athletic performance. However, the available studies are characterised by major methodological problems. Consequently, no compelling evidence exists demonstrating that air travel adversely influences athletic performance. Evidence suggests that distance and sprint running performance, as well as dynamic muscular strength and endurance of the elbow flexors, is impaired following west-east travel across 6 times zones in untrained individuals. However, there is no evidence that these findings for untrained subjects generalise to athletes. Both physiological and psychological mechanisms might account for potential effects of travel on athletic performance, but little is known about these potential mechanisms with regards to athletic performance. Systematic research is needed if the relationship between air travel and athletic performance is to be elucidated.
运动员为了参加国内或国际比赛而跨越多个时区。人们常常认为，快速的跨子午线迁移会对运动表现产生负面影响。然而，现有的研究存在重大方法学问题。因此，没有确凿的证据表明航空旅行会对运动表现产生不利影响。有证据表明，未经训练的个体在由西向东跨越6个时区的旅行后，跳远和短跑成绩以及肘部屈肌的动态肌肉力量和耐力会受到损害。然而，没有证据表明这些针对未经训练受试者的研究结果可以推广到运动员身上。生理和心理机制都可能解释旅行对运动表现的潜在影响，但对于这些与运动表现相关的潜在机制，我们知之甚少。如果要阐明航空旅行与运动表现之间的关系，就需要进行系统的研究。
