Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
J Chromatogr A. 2012 Jan 27;1222:59-70. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.017. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
To investigate the chemical differences between Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum, Chizhi) and Ganoderma sinense (G. sinense, Zizhi).
Thirty two batches of commercial Ganoderma samples were collected, including 20 batches of G. lucidum and 12 batches of G. sinense cultivated in different geographical regions. Chemical substances in aqueous extract and alcoholic extract, mainly polysaccharides and triterpenes respectively, were investigated. Determination of polysaccharides was carried out with a high performance liquid chromatography with an variable wavelength detector. Meanwhile, analysis of triterpenes were performed on an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, an ultra performance liquid chromatography and a rapid resolution liquid chromatograph combined with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. Chromatograms and spectra for all batches and reference standards of main components were obtained and used for direct comparison. Further discussion was made on the basis of the result of principal component analysis (PCA).
Significant difference of triterpenes was shown between G. lucidum and G. sinense. In 20 batches of G. lucidum, 12 main components, including eight ganoderic acids and four ganoderenic acids were identified and ten of them were quantitatively determined, with the total content from 0.249% to 0.690%. However, none of those triterpenes was found in either batch of G. sinense. As for constituents of polysaccharides, seven monosaccharides were identified and four main components among them were quantitatively determined. Difference of polysaccharides was not directly observed, but latent information was revealed by PCA and the discrimination became feasible.
G. lucidum and G. sinense were chemically different, which might result in pharmacological distinction. Preparations of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from Ganoderma should make accurate specification on the origin of species.
研究灵芝（赤芝，芝）和中华灵芝（紫芝，芝）之间的化学成分差异。
收集了 32 批市售灵芝样品，包括 20 批灵芝和 12 批不同地理来源的中华灵芝。研究了水提物和醇提物中的化学物质，主要分别为多糖和三萜类化合物。采用可变波长检测器的高效液相色谱法测定多糖含量。同时，在紫外分光光度计、超高效液相色谱和快速分辨液相色谱与电喷雾电离质谱联用仪上分析三萜类化合物。获得了所有批次和主要成分对照品的色谱图和光谱图，并用于直接比较。在主成分分析（PCA）结果的基础上进行了进一步讨论。
灵芝和中华灵芝之间的三萜类化合物存在显著差异。在 20 批灵芝中，鉴定出 12 种主要成分，包括 8 种灵芝酸和 4 种灵芝烯酸，其中 10 种进行了定量测定，总含量从 0.249%到 0.690%。然而，在任何一批中华灵芝中都没有发现这些三萜类化合物。至于多糖的成分，鉴定出 7 种单糖，并对其中 4 种主要成分进行了定量测定。虽然没有直接观察到多糖的差异，但通过 PCA 揭示了潜在信息，使鉴别变得可行。
灵芝和中华灵芝在化学上存在差异，这可能导致药理学上的区别。中药（TCM）制剂应准确规定物种的来源。
