ASSET Technology Centre, Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 Apr;403(1):75-92. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-5685-9. Epub 2012 Jan 26.
Increases in food production and the ever-present threat of food contamination from microbiological and chemical sources have led the food industry and regulators to pursue rapid, inexpensive methods of analysis to safeguard the health and safety of the consumer. Although sophisticated techniques such as chromatography and spectrometry provide more accurate and conclusive results, screening tests allow a much higher throughput of samples at a lower cost and with less operator training, so larger numbers of samples can be analysed. Biosensors combine a biological recognition element (enzyme, antibody, receptor) with a transducer to produce a measurable signal proportional to the extent of interaction between the recognition element and the analyte. The different uses of the biosensing instrumentation available today are extremely varied, with food analysis as an emerging and growing application. The advantages offered by biosensors over other screening methods such as radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescence immunoassay and luminescence immunoassay, with respect to food analysis, include automation, improved reproducibility, speed of analysis and real-time analysis. This article will provide a brief footing in history before reviewing the latest developments in biosensor applications for analysis of food contaminants (January 2007 to December 2010), focusing on the detection of pathogens, toxins, pesticides and veterinary drug residues by biosensors, with emphasis on articles showing data in food matrices. The main areas of development common to these groups of contaminants include multiplexing, the ability to simultaneously analyse a sample for more than one contaminant and portability. Biosensors currently have an important role in food safety; further advances in the technology, reagents and sample handling will surely reinforce this position.
食品产量的增加以及来自微生物和化学来源的食品污染的持续威胁，促使食品行业和监管机构寻求快速、廉价的分析方法，以保障消费者的健康和安全。虽然色谱法和光谱法等复杂技术提供了更准确和更具结论性的结果，但筛选测试允许以更低的成本和更少的操作人员培训来实现更高的样品通量，因此可以分析更多数量的样品。生物传感器将生物识别元件（酶、抗体、受体）与换能器结合在一起，产生与识别元件和分析物之间相互作用程度成正比的可测量信号。当今可用的生物传感仪器的不同用途极其多样化，食品分析是一个新兴且不断发展的应用领域。与放射免疫测定、酶联免疫吸附测定、荧光免疫测定和发光免疫测定等其他筛选方法相比，生物传感器在食品分析方面具有自动化、提高重现性、分析速度和实时分析等优势。本文将在回顾 2007 年 1 月至 2010 年 12 月期间生物传感器在食品污染物分析中的最新应用进展之前，简要介绍一下历史背景，重点介绍生物传感器在检测病原体、毒素、农药和兽药残留方面的最新应用进展，强调展示食品基质中数据的文章。这些污染物组共同的主要发展领域包括多重检测、能够同时分析一个样品中的多种污染物以及便携性。生物传感器目前在食品安全中具有重要作用；该技术、试剂和样品处理方面的进一步进展肯定会加强这一地位。
