Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Acta Vet Scand. 2012 Jan 26;54(1):3. doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-3.
Haemostatic alterations are commonly detected in human and canine cancer patients. Previous studies have described haemostatic dysfunction in canine patients with haemangiosarcomas and carcinomas, and haemostasis has been assessed in dogs with various malignant and benign neoplasias. Few studies have addressed the effect of cancer type and progression of disease on the presence of haemostatic alterations in canine patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate haemostatic variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis in a group of canine cancer patients, and to compare haemostatic changes to the cancer type and progression of disease.
The study population consisted of 71 dogs with malignant neoplasia presented to the University Hospital for Companion Animals, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. The study was designed as a prospective observational study evaluating the haemostatic function in canine cancer patients stratified according to type of cancer disease and disease progression. The coagulation response was evaluated by thromboelastrography (TEG), platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothombin time (PT), fibrinogen and antithrombin (AT); and fibrinolysis by d-dimer and plasminogen.
Hypercoagulability was the most common haemostatic dysfunction found. Non mammary carcinomas had increased clot strength (TEG G), aPTT and fibrinogen compared to the other groups. When stratifying the patients according to disease progression dogs with distant metastatic disease exhibited significantly increased fibrinogen, and d-dimer compared to dogs with local invasive and local non-invasive cancers.
Hypercoagulability was confirmed as the most common haemostatic abnormality in canine cancer patients and haemostatic dysfunction in canine cancer patients was found related to the cancer type and progression of disease. Increase in TEG G, aPTT and fibrinogen were observed in non-mammary carcinomas and were speculated to overall represent a proinflammatory response associated with the disease. Dogs with distant metastatic disease exhibited increased fibrinogen and d-dimer. Future studies are needed to elucidate the clinical importance of these results.
止血改变在人类和犬科癌症患者中经常被发现。先前的研究已经描述了患有血管肉瘤和癌的犬科动物的止血功能障碍，并且已经评估了患有各种恶性和良性肿瘤的犬的止血情况。很少有研究探讨癌症类型和疾病进展对犬科动物患者止血改变的影响。本研究的目的是评估一组犬科癌症患者的凝血和纤溶止血变量，并将止血变化与癌症类型和疾病进展进行比较。
研究人群由 71 只患有恶性肿瘤的犬组成，这些犬被送到丹麦哥本哈根大学生命科学学院的伴侣动物大学医院。该研究设计为一项前瞻性观察研究，根据癌症疾病的类型和疾病进展对犬科癌症患者的止血功能进行分层评估。通过血栓弹性描记术（TEG）、血小板计数、活化部分凝血活酶时间（aPTT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、纤维蛋白原和抗凝血酶（AT）评估凝血反应；通过 d-二聚体和纤溶酶原评估纤维蛋白溶解。
高凝状态是最常见的止血功能障碍。与其他组相比，非乳腺癌的凝块强度（TEG G）、aPTT 和纤维蛋白原增加。当根据疾病进展对患者进行分层时，患有远处转移疾病的狗与患有局部侵袭性和局部非侵袭性癌症的狗相比，纤维蛋白原和 d-二聚体显著增加。
高凝状态被确认为犬科癌症患者中最常见的止血异常，犬科癌症患者的止血功能障碍与癌症类型和疾病进展有关。在非乳腺癌中观察到 TEG G、aPTT 和纤维蛋白原增加，推测这总体上代表与疾病相关的炎症反应。患有远处转移疾病的狗表现出纤维蛋白原和 d-二聚体增加。需要进一步的研究来阐明这些结果的临床重要性。
