Department of Medical Sciences M. Aresu, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2012 Feb;23(1):11-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01256.x.
Physical activity is beneficial for children with positive outcomes for mental and physical well-being. Allergic conditions unique to the sporting arena may serve as an impediment to participation in physical activity for allergic children. A common example is exercise-induced asthma; less common activity-related allergic conditions include food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, exercise-induced anaphylaxis, and exercise-induced urticaria. Allergic children may also be at risk of allergic reactions when exposed to allergens that are more commonly found in the sports environment, e.g., latex, sports drinks, and medications such as NSAIDs. Recent advances in our understanding of the patho-physiological and immunologic mechanisms that may account for these conditions have facilitated more effective and safer management strategies. There are also important immunologic lessons to be learnt with respect to specific physical factors that may result in diminished allergen tolerance; indeed, these lessons may facilitate safer allergen desensitisation regimens. The role of the immune system in exercise-induced immunoallergic syndromes, clinical aspects, and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed in this review.
身体活动有益于儿童，对身心健康有积极影响。运动场上特有的过敏情况可能会成为过敏儿童参与身体活动的障碍。一个常见的例子是运动诱发哮喘；不太常见的与活动相关的过敏情况包括食物依赖运动诱发过敏反应、运动诱发过敏反应和运动诱发荨麻疹。过敏儿童在接触运动环境中更常见的过敏原时也可能有过敏反应的风险，例如乳胶、运动饮料和非甾体抗炎药等药物。我们对可能导致这些情况的病理生理和免疫机制的理解的最新进展，促进了更有效和更安全的管理策略。对于可能导致过敏原耐受性降低的特定物理因素，也有重要的免疫学教训需要学习；事实上，这些经验教训可能有助于更安全的过敏原脱敏方案。本文讨论了免疫系统在运动诱发免疫过敏综合征中的作用、临床方面以及诊断和治疗方法。
