Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México.
Adv Nutr. 2012 Jan;3(1):8-20. doi: 10.3945/an.111.000976. Epub 2012 Jan 5.
Gut hormones play a key role in the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and a wide range of metabolic functions in response to food ingestion. These hormones are altered in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, and are thus proposed to be possible targets for the prevention or treatment of these diseases. It is clear that food composition, macronutrients, and other non-nutrient components as well as the physical properties of food not only modulate the secretion of gut peptides but also modulate transcription and enteroendocrine cell differentiation, which ultimately modifies gut hormone response. The specific mechanisms or sensing machinery that respond to the different components of the diet have been studied for many years; however, over the last few years, new molecular genetic techniques have led to important advances, thereby allowing a deeper understanding of these mechanisms. This review addresses the current knowledge regarding enteroendocrine cells and how diet interacts with this machinery to stimulate and regulate the secretion of gut peptides. The potential for diet interventions as a promising strategy for modulating gut hormone responses to food ingestion and, ultimately, preventing or treating metabolic diseases is being emphasized considering that these diseases are currently a public health burden.
肠道激素在调节食物摄入、能量消耗、葡萄糖稳态、脂代谢以及对食物摄入的广泛代谢功能方面发挥着关键作用。这些激素在代谢疾病中发生改变，如肥胖症和 2 型糖尿病，因此被认为是预防或治疗这些疾病的可能靶点。很明显，食物成分、宏量营养素和其他非营养成分以及食物的物理特性不仅调节肠道肽的分泌，而且调节转录和肠内分泌细胞分化，最终改变肠道激素反应。多年来，人们一直在研究对饮食中不同成分做出反应的特定机制或感应机制；然而，在过去几年中，新的分子遗传技术取得了重要进展，从而使人们对这些机制有了更深入的了解。本文综述了关于肠内分泌细胞的最新知识，以及饮食如何与这些机制相互作用，从而刺激和调节肠道肽的分泌。考虑到这些疾病目前是公共卫生负担，强调饮食干预作为调节食物摄入引起的肠道激素反应的有前途的策略的潜力，最终预防或治疗代谢疾病。
