Wu Xiaoyan, Cai Hui, Gao Yu-Tang, Dai Qi, Li Honglan, Cai Qiuyin, Yang Gong, Franke Adrian A, Zheng Wei, Shu Xiao Ou
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet. 2012;3(1):18-29. Epub 2012 Feb 5.
Isoflavones and lignans, two major groups of phytoestrogens, have been postulated to have multiple health benefits, including anti-estrogenic, anti-cancer, pro-cardiovascular health, and ameliorating menopausal symptoms. Urinary excretion of isoflavonoids, including daidzein, genistein, glycitein, O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA), dihydro-daidzein, dihydrogenistein, and equol, and lignans, including enterodiol and enterolactone, have been used as biomarkers of phytoestrogen exposure in epidemiologic studies. We evaluated the urinary excretion of phytoestrogens and their correlations with lifestyle and dietary factors among 2,165 women who participated in the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS), a population-based prospective cohort study of 74,942 urban Chinese women aged 40-70 years at study enrollment (1996-2000). The medians (in nmol/mg creatinine) were: isoflavonoids, 17.13; daidzein, 5.57; genistein, 2.41; glycitein, 0.94; O-DMA, 1.52; dihydrodaidzein, 0.81; dihydrogenistein, 0.19; equol, 0.11; enterodiol, 0.30; and enterolactone, 1.18. These levels are 2- (enterodiol) to 126- (O-DMA) fold higher than levels among US women similar in age range with the exception of enterolactone, for which a similar level was observed for both populations. Urinary isoflavonoid excretion was higher among older women and women who engaged in regular exercise and significantly associated with soy food intake, but was inversely related to fruit intake. Urinary excretions of dihydrodaidzein, dihydrogenistein, equol, enterodiol, and enterolactone were inversely associated with body mass index (BMI). Urinary excretion of isoflavones correlated with soy food intake and healthy lifestyle but was inversely associated with fruit intake among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women. Our study adds important information to the rapidly growing body of research on the potential health benefits of phytoestrogens.
异黄酮和木脂素是两大类植物雌激素，据推测它们具有多种健康益处，包括抗雌激素、抗癌、促进心血管健康以及缓解更年期症状。在流行病学研究中，包括大豆苷元、染料木黄酮、黄豆黄素、O-去甲基安哥拉紫檀素（O-DMA）、二氢大豆苷元、二氢染料木黄酮和雌马酚在内的异黄酮类化合物，以及包括肠二醇和肠内酯在内的木脂素的尿排泄量，已被用作植物雌激素暴露的生物标志物。我们在2165名参与上海女性健康研究（SWHS）的女性中评估了植物雌激素的尿排泄量及其与生活方式和饮食因素的相关性。上海女性健康研究是一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究，研究对象为74942名年龄在40至70岁之间（研究入组时间为1996 - 2000年）的中国城市女性。中位数（以nmol/mg肌酐计）分别为：异黄酮类化合物17.13；大豆苷元5.57；染料木黄酮2.41；黄豆黄素0.94；O-DMA 1.52；二氢大豆苷元0.81；二氢染料木黄酮0.19；雌马酚0.11；肠二醇0.30；肠内酯1.18。除肠内酯外，这些水平比年龄范围相似的美国女性高2倍（肠二醇）至126倍（O-DMA），两个群体的肠内酯水平相似。老年女性和经常锻炼的女性尿中异黄酮排泄量较高，且与大豆类食物摄入量显著相关，但与水果摄入量呈负相关。二氢大豆苷元、二氢染料木黄酮、雌马酚、肠二醇和肠内酯的尿排泄量与体重指数（BMI）呈负相关。在中国中老年女性中，异黄酮的尿排泄量与大豆类食物摄入量和健康生活方式相关，但与水果摄入量呈负相关。我们的研究为关于植物雌激素潜在健康益处的快速增长的研究提供了重要信息。
