USAID - Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P,O, Box 4806, Eldoret, Kenya.
BMC Palliat Care. 2012 Jul 10;11:5. doi: 10.1186/1472-684X-11-5.
Patients in sub-Saharan Africa commonly experience pain, which often is un-assessed and undertreated. One hindrance to routine pain assessment in these settings is the lack of a single-item pain rating scale validated for the particular context. The goal of this study was to examine the face validity and cultural acceptability of two single-item pain scales, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R), in a population of patients on the medical, surgical, and pediatric wards of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya.
Swahili versions of the NRS and FPS-R were developed by standard translation and back-translation. Cognitive interviews were performed with 15 patients at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya. Interview transcripts were analyzed on a question-by-question basis to identify major themes revealed through the cognitive interviewing process and to uncover any significant problems participants encountered with understanding and using the pain scales.
Cognitive interview analysis demonstrated that participants had good comprehension of both the NRS and the FPS-R and showed rational decision-making processes in choosing their responses. Participants felt that both scales were easy to use. The FPS-R was preferred almost unanimously to the NRS.
The face validity and acceptability of the Swahili versions of the NRS and FPS-R has been demonstrated for use in Kenyan patients. The broader application of these scales should be evaluated and may benefit patients who currently suffer from pain.
撒哈拉以南非洲的患者常经历疼痛，但这些疼痛常未被评估和治疗。在这些环境中，常规疼痛评估的一个障碍是缺乏针对特定情况验证的单项疼痛评分量表。本研究的目的是检验两种单项疼痛量表，即数字评分量表（NRS）和修订面部疼痛评分量表（FPS-R）在肯尼亚莫伊教学和转诊医院内科、外科和儿科病房患者中的表面效度和文化可接受性。
通过标准翻译和回译开发了 NRS 和 FPS-R 的斯瓦希里语版本。在肯尼亚埃尔多雷特的莫伊教学和转诊医院对 15 名患者进行了认知访谈。根据访谈记录，对每个问题进行了分析，以确定认知访谈过程中揭示的主要主题，并发现参与者在理解和使用疼痛量表时遇到的任何重大问题。
认知访谈分析表明，参与者对 NRS 和 FPS-R 有很好的理解，并表现出合理的决策过程来选择他们的反应。参与者认为这两种量表都易于使用。FPS-R 几乎普遍比 NRS 更受欢迎。
已经证明了 NRS 和 FPS-R 的斯瓦希里语版本在肯尼亚患者中的表面效度和可接受性。应评估这些量表的更广泛应用，这可能使目前遭受疼痛的患者受益。
