Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:902716. doi: 10.1155/2012/902716. Epub 2012 May 28.
Despite clear results of observational studies linking a diet rich in fruits and vegetables to a decreased cancer risk, large interventional trials evaluating the impact of dietary micronutrient supplementation, mostly vitamins, could not show any beneficial effects. Today it has become clear that a single micronutrient, given in supernutritional doses, cannot match cancer preventive effects of whole fruits and vegetables. In this regard polyphenols came into focus, not only because of their antioxidant potential but also because of their ability to interact with molecular targets within the cells. Because polyphenols occur in many foods and beverages in high concentration and evidence for their anticancer activity is best for tissues they can come into direct contact with, field cancerization predestines upper aerodigestive tract epithelium for cancer chemoprevention by polyphenols. In this paper, we summarize cancer chemopreventive attempts with emphasis on head and neck carcinogenesis and discuss some methodological issues. We present data regarding antimutagenic effects of curcumin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate in human oropharyngeal mucosa cultures exposed to cigarette smoke condensate.
尽管观察性研究清楚地表明，富含水果和蔬菜的饮食与降低癌症风险有关，但评估饮食中微量营养素补充（主要是维生素）对癌症影响的大型干预性试验却无法显示出任何有益效果。如今，人们已经清楚地认识到，单一的营养素，即使以超高剂量补充，也无法达到整个水果和蔬菜的防癌效果。在这方面，多酚类物质引起了人们的关注，不仅因为它们具有抗氧化潜力，还因为它们能够与细胞内的分子靶标相互作用。由于多酚类物质在许多食物和饮料中含量很高，并且其抗癌活性的证据主要针对它们可以直接接触的组织，因此，前癌变使上呼吸道上皮成为多酚类物质进行癌症化学预防的理想目标。本文总结了癌症化学预防的尝试，重点是头颈部癌的发生，并讨论了一些方法学问题。我们提供了关于姜黄素和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯在人咽黏膜培养物中对抗香烟烟雾冷凝物致突变作用的数据。
