School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.
Malar J. 2012 Jun 12;11:195. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-195.
More than 75% of the total area of Ethiopia is malarious, making malaria the leading public health problem in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and the associated socio-economic, geographic and demographic factors of malaria based on the rapid diagnosis test (RDT) survey results.
From December 2006 to January 2007, a baseline malaria indicator survey in Amhara, Oromiya and Southern Nation Nationalities and People (SNNP) regions of Ethiopia was conducted by The Carter Center. This study uses this data. The method of generalized linear model was used to analyse the data and the response variable was the presence or absence of malaria using the rapid diagnosis test (RDT).
The analyses show that the RDT result was significantly associated with age and gender. Other significant covariates confounding variables are source of water, trip to obtain water, toilet facility, total number of rooms, material used for walls, and material used for roofing. The prevalence of malaria for households with clean water found to be less. Malaria rapid diagnosis found to be higher for thatch and stick/mud roof and earth/local dung plaster floor. Moreover, spraying anti-malaria to the house was found to be one means of reducing the risk of malaria. Furthermore, the housing condition, source of water and its distance, gender, and ages in the households were identified in order to have two-way interaction effects.
Individuals with poor socio-economic conditions are positively associated with malaria infection. Improving the housing condition of the household is one of the means of reducing the risk of malaria. Children and female household members are the most vulnerable to the risk of malaria. Such information is essential to design improved strategic intervention for the reduction of malaria epidemic in Ethiopia.
埃塞俄比亚超过 75%的总面积为疟疾流行区，这使得疟疾成为埃塞俄比亚的主要公共卫生问题。本研究旨在根据快速诊断检测（RDT）调查结果，调查疟疾的流行率及其相关的社会经济、地理和人口因素。
2006 年 12 月至 2007 年 1 月，卡特中心在埃塞俄比亚的阿姆哈拉、奥罗莫和南方各族人民地区进行了基线疟疾指标调查。本研究使用了这一数据。采用广义线性模型方法分析数据，反应变量是使用快速诊断检测（RDT）检测是否存在疟疾。
分析表明，RDT 结果与年龄和性别显著相关。其他显著的混杂变量是水源、获取水的旅行、厕所设施、房间总数、墙壁材料和屋顶材料。发现有清洁水的家庭的疟疾流行率较低。发现用茅草和棍棒/泥土屋顶和土/本地粪土抹灰地板的疟疾快速诊断率较高。此外，给房屋喷洒抗疟药物被发现是降低疟疾风险的一种手段。此外，为了产生双向交互效应，确定了家庭的住房条件、水源及其距离、性别和年龄。
社会经济条件差的个人与疟疾感染呈正相关。改善家庭的住房条件是降低疟疾风险的一种手段。儿童和女性家庭成员最容易受到疟疾风险的影响。这些信息对于设计改进的战略干预措施以减少埃塞俄比亚的疟疾流行至关重要。
