孤独症谱系障碍中的分类：典型性与发展的作用。
Categorization in ASD: The Role of Typicality and Development.
作者信息
Gastgeb Holly Zajac, Strauss Mark S
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
出版信息
Perspect Lang Learn Educ. 2012 Mar 1;19(2):66-74. doi: 10.1044/lle19.2.66.
Abstract
There is a growing amount of evidence suggesting that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) differ in the way in which they cognitively process information. A critical aspect of cognitive processing that is receiving more attention in studies of ASD is categorization. The studies presented here examined the effect of typicality on categorization of objects and gender in high-functioning children, adolescents, and adults with ASD and matched controls. The ASD and control groups showed improved categorization throughout the lifespan for typical and somewhat typical object category members and typical gender faces. However, individuals with ASD took more time to categorize atypical object category members and were less accurate in categorizing atypical gender faces from 8-12 years through adulthood. The implications of these results for teaching categories and category labels to individuals with ASD will be discussed.
摘要
越来越多的证据表明，患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的个体在认知处理信息的方式上存在差异。在自闭症谱系障碍研究中受到更多关注的认知处理的一个关键方面是分类。本文呈现的研究考察了典型性对高功能自闭症谱系障碍儿童、青少年和成人以及匹配对照组对物体和性别的分类的影响。自闭症谱系障碍组和对照组在整个生命周期中对典型和 somewhat typical 物体类别成员以及典型性别面孔的分类都有所改善。然而，患有自闭症谱系障碍的个体在对非典型物体类别成员进行分类时花费的时间更多，并且从8至12岁到成年期，在对非典型性别面孔进行分类时准确性较低。将讨论这些结果对向患有自闭症谱系障碍的个体教授类别和类别标签的意义。 注：原文中“somewhat typical”可能有误，也许是“somewhat atypical”（有点非典型）更符合语境逻辑，但按要求未做修改。
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