Department of Psychology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2012 Aug 1;23(8):861-8. doi: 10.1177/0956797611434965. Epub 2012 Jun 28.
We conducted three experiments indicating that characteristically deontological judgments--here, disapproving of sacrificing one person for the greater good of others--are preferentially supported by visual imagery. Experiment 1 used two matched working memory tasks-one visual, one verbal-to identify individuals with relatively visual cognitive styles and individuals with relatively verbal cognitive styles. Individuals with more visual cognitive styles made more deontological judgments. Experiment 2 showed that visual interference, relative to verbal interference and no interference, decreases deontological judgment. Experiment 3 indicated that these effects are due to people's tendency to visualize the harmful means (sacrificing one person) more than the beneficial end (saving others). These results suggest a specific role for visual imagery in moral judgment: When people consider sacrificing someone as a means to an end, visual imagery preferentially supports the judgment that the ends do not justify the means. These results suggest an integration of the dual-process theory of moral judgment with construal-level theory.
我们进行了三项实验,结果表明,具有典型道义论特征的判断——即不赞成为了多数人的利益而牺牲一个人——更倾向于通过视觉意象来支持。实验 1 使用了两种匹配的工作记忆任务——一种是视觉的,一种是语言的——来识别具有相对视觉认知风格的个体和具有相对语言认知风格的个体。具有更多视觉认知风格的个体做出了更多的道义论判断。实验 2 表明,与言语干扰和无干扰相比,视觉干扰会降低道义论判断。实验 3 表明,这些影响是由于人们更倾向于将有害的手段(牺牲一个人)形象化,而不是将有益的结果(拯救他人)形象化。这些结果表明,视觉意象在道德判断中具有特定的作用:当人们考虑牺牲某人作为达到目的的手段时,视觉意象更倾向于支持目的不能证明手段合理的判断。这些结果表明,道德判断的双重过程理论与构念水平理论的结合。