The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Brain Lang. 2012 Dec;123(3):154-63. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.07.009. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
The aim of the study was to examine reinforcement learning (RL) in young adults with developmental language impairment (DLI) within the context of a neurocomputational model of the basal ganglia-dopamine system (Frank, Seeberger, & O'Reilly, 2004). Two groups of young adults, one with DLI and the other without, were recruited. A probabilistic selection task was used to assess how participants implicitly extracted reinforcement history from the environment based on probabilistic positive/negative feedback. The findings showed impaired RL in individuals with DLI, indicating an altered gating function of the striatum in testing. However, they exploited similar learning strategies as comparison participants at the beginning of training, reflecting relatively intact functions of the prefrontal cortex to rapidly update reinforcement information. Within the context of Frank's model, these results can be interpreted as evidence for alterations in the basal ganglia of individuals with DLI.
本研究旨在考察发展性语言障碍（DLI）青年在基底神经节-多巴胺系统的神经计算模型（Frank、Seeberger 和 O'Reilly，2004）背景下的强化学习（RL）。招募了两组青年，一组有 DLI，另一组没有。使用概率选择任务来评估参与者如何根据概率正/负反馈从环境中隐式提取强化历史。研究结果表明，DLI 个体的 RL 受损，表明在测试中纹状体的门控功能发生改变。然而，他们在训练开始时与对照组参与者采用了相似的学习策略，反映了前额叶皮层相对完整的功能，能够快速更新强化信息。在 Frank 的模型背景下，这些结果可以解释为 DLI 个体基底神经节发生改变的证据。
