Institute of Virology and Antiviral Chemotherapy, Jena University Clinic, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
BMC Infect Dis. 2012 Oct 30;12:276. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-276.
There is agreement that the infectivity assay with the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is a suitable surrogate test to validate disinfectants for hepatitis B virucidal activity. However, since this test is not widely used, information is necessary whether disinfectants with limited virucidal activity also inactivate DHBV. In general, disinfectants with limited virucidal activity are used for skin and sensitive surfaces while agents with full activity are more aggressive. The present study compares the activity of five different biocides against DHBV and the classical test virus for limited virucidal activity, the vaccinia virus strain Lister Elstree (VACV) or the modified vaccinia Ankara strain (MVA).
Virucidal assay was performed as suspension test according to the German DVV/RKI guideline. Duck hepatitis B virus obtained from congenitally infected Peking ducks was propagated in primary duck embryonic hepatocytes and was detected by indirect immunofluorescent antigen staining.
The DHBV was inactivated by the use of 40% ethanol within 1-min and 30% isopropanol within 2-min exposure. In comparison, 40% ethanol within 2-min and 40% isopropanol within 1-min exposure were effective against VACV/MVA. These alcohols only have limited virucidal activity, while the following agents have full activity. 0.01% peracetic acid inactivated DHBV within 2 min and a concentration of 0.005% had virucidal efficacy against VACV/MVA within 1 min. After 2-min exposure, 0.05% glutardialdehyde showed a comparable activity against DHBV and VACV/MVA. This is also the case for 0.7% formaldehyde after a contact time of 30 min.
Duck hepatitis B virus is at least as sensitive to limited virucidal activity as VACV/MVA. Peracetic acid is less effective against DHBV, while the alcohols are less effective against VACV/MVA. It can be expected that in absence of more direct tests the results may be extrapolated to HBV.
人们一致认为，鸭乙型肝炎病毒（DHBV）感染性测定是验证乙型肝炎病毒杀病毒活性消毒剂的合适替代试验。然而，由于该试验并未广泛使用，因此有必要了解对乙型肝炎病毒具有有限杀病毒活性的消毒剂是否也能使 DHBV 失活。一般来说，具有有限杀病毒活性的消毒剂用于皮肤和敏感表面，而具有充分活性的消毒剂则更具攻击性。本研究比较了五种不同杀生物剂对 DHBV 和有限杀病毒活性的经典试验病毒，即牛痘病毒株李斯特埃尔斯特里（VACV）或改良牛痘安卡拉株（MVA）的活性。
按照德国 DVV/RKI 指南进行悬液试验进行杀病毒试验。从先天性感染的北京鸭中获得的鸭乙型肝炎病毒在原代鸭胚肝细胞中繁殖，并通过间接免疫荧光抗原染色进行检测。
40%乙醇在 1 分钟内、30%异丙醇在 2 分钟内可使 DHBV 失活。相比之下，40%乙醇在 2 分钟内和 40%异丙醇在 1 分钟内对 VACV/MVA 有效。这些醇类仅具有有限的杀病毒活性，而以下试剂具有充分的活性。0.01%过氧乙酸在 2 分钟内使 DHBV 失活，浓度为 0.005%的过氧乙酸在 1 分钟内对 VACV/MVA 具有杀病毒功效。2 分钟接触后，0.05%戊二醛对 DHBV 和 VACV/MVA 的活性相当。30 分钟接触后，0.7%甲醛也有类似的效果。
鸭乙型肝炎病毒对有限杀病毒活性的敏感性至少与 VACV/MVA 相当。过氧乙酸对 DHBV 的效果较差，而醇类对 VACV/MVA 的效果较差。在没有更直接的试验的情况下，可以预期这些结果可能会被推断到 HBV。
