Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa.
Toxins (Basel). 2012 Oct;4(10):836-48. doi: 10.3390/toxins4100836. Epub 2012 Oct 18.
A total of 92 commercial compound feeds from South Africa were investigated for various mycotoxins. The data reveal the highest incidence of feed contamination for fumonisins (FB) (range: 104-2999 µg/kg) followed by deoxynivalenol (DON) (range: 124-2352 µg/kg) and zearalenone (ZEA) (range: 30-610 µg/kg). The incidence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AF)-contaminated samples were generally low, i.e., 4% and 30% of samples with levels ranging between 6.4 and 17.1 µg/kg (mean: 9.9 µg/kg) for OTA and 0.2 to 71.8 µg/kg (mean: 9.0 µg/kg) for AF. No samples contained T-2 toxin or HT-2 toxin. However, all samples analyzed were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin with a majority containing several mycotoxins. In particular, 3 of 4 positive samples mainly cattle feeds that had relatively high contents of OTA (ranging from 7 to 17.1 µg/kg) also contained high amounts of AF (>27.5 µg/kg) together with FB, DON and ZEA. Apart from a few samples, the levels of mycotoxins may be regarded as safe for livestock production in South Africa. However, the persistent co-occurrence of mycotoxins in samples, especially those at high concentrations, i.e., AF and OTA, together with other mycotoxins studied, may elicit synergistic or additive effects in animals. This should raise concern as multiple contaminations may pose a risk to livestock production and health.
本次调查了南非的 92 种商业复合饲料,检测了多种霉菌毒素。数据显示,烟曲霉毒素 FB(范围:104-2999μg/kg)污染的发生率最高,其次是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 DON(范围:124-2352μg/kg)和玉米赤霉烯酮 ZEA(范围:30-610μg/kg)。赭曲霉毒素 A 和黄曲霉毒素污染样品的发生率通常较低,即 6.4-17.1μg/kg(均值:9.9μg/kg)的 OTA 样品占 4%,0.2-71.8μg/kg(均值:9.0μg/kg)的 AF 样品占 30%。没有样品含有 T-2 毒素或 HT-2 毒素。然而,所有分析的样品都至少受到一种霉菌毒素的污染,其中大多数含有多种霉菌毒素。特别是 3 种主要为牛饲料的阳性样品,其 OTA 含量相对较高(范围为 7-17.1μg/kg),同时还含有高浓度的 AF(>27.5μg/kg),以及 FB、DON 和 ZEA。除了少数样品外,南非的霉菌毒素水平可能被认为对畜牧业生产是安全的。然而,霉菌毒素在样品中的持续共同存在,特别是在高浓度下,如 AF 和 OTA,以及研究中的其他霉菌毒素,可能会在动物体内引起协同或相加作用。这应该引起关注,因为多种污染可能对畜牧业生产和健康构成风险。