Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012 Nov 5;9(11):4017-32. doi: 10.3390/ijerph9114017.
Human enteric viruses (HEntVs) are a major cause of water-related diseases. The prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotaviruses (RoV) and enteroviruses (EnV) in Buffalo River waters was assessed quantitatively over a period of 12 months (August 2010 to July 2011). Seventy-two samples were collected from six sites, including three dams, and concentrated using the adsorption-elution method. Viral RNA was extracted using a commercial kit, and the viruses were quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR). Two or more viruses were detected in 12.5% of the samples. HAV was detected in 43.1% of the samples and in significantly (p < 0.05) varying concentrations of 1.5 × 10(1)–1.9 × 10(5) genome copies/L compared to RoV and EnV, while RoVs were detected in 13.9% of samples, with concentrations ranging from 2.5 × 10(1)–2.1 × 10(3) genome copies/L, and EnV were detected in 9.7% of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 1.3 × 10(1)–8.6 × 10(1) genome copies/L. Only HAV was detected at all the sites, with the Bridle Drift Dam recording significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations. The presence of enteric viruses in Buffalo River may constitute public health risks and the incidence of HAV at all the sites could reflect both the epidemiological status of hepatitis A and HAV persistence in the water environments.
人肠道病毒（HEntVs）是水传播疾病的主要原因。在 12 个月的时间里（2010 年 8 月至 2011 年 7 月），对水牛河水中甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）、轮状病毒（RoV）和肠病毒（EnV）的流行情况进行了定量评估。从六个地点（包括三个水坝）采集了 72 个样本，使用吸附洗脱法进行浓缩。使用商业试剂盒提取病毒 RNA，并通过实时定量 RT-PCR（RT-qPCR）对病毒进行定量。在 12.5%的样本中检测到两种或两种以上的病毒。HAV 检测到 43.1%的样本中，浓度范围为 1.5×10(1)–1.9×10(5)基因组拷贝/L，与 RoV 和 EnV 相比存在显著差异（p<0.05），而 RoV 检测到 13.9%的样本中，浓度范围为 2.5×10(1)–2.1×10(3)基因组拷贝/L，EnV 检测到 9.7%的样本中，浓度范围为 1.3×10(1)–8.6×10(1)基因组拷贝/L。所有地点均检测到 HAV，Bridle Drift 水坝记录的浓度明显更高（p<0.05）。水牛河肠道病毒的存在可能构成公共卫生风险，所有地点甲型肝炎的发病率都可能反映出甲型肝炎的流行病学状况和 HAV 在水环境中的持续存在。
