Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
Am J Public Health. 2013 Aug;103(8):1412-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300761. Epub 2012 Dec 13.
We measured symptom and influenza prevalence, and the effectiveness of symptom and temperature screening for identifying influenza, in arriving international airline travelers.
This cross-sectional study collected data from travelers to Christchurch International Airport, New Zealand, in winter 2008, via a health questionnaire, temperature testing, and respiratory sampling.
Forms were returned by 15 976 (68%) travelers. Of these, 17% reported at least 1 influenza symptom, with runny or blocked nose (10%) and cough (8%) most common. Respiratory specimens were obtained from 3769 travelers. Estimated prevalence of influenza was 1.1% (4% among symptomatic, 0.2% among asymptomatic). The sensitivity of screening criteria ranged from 84% for "any symptom" to 3% for a fever of 37.8 °C or greater. The positive predictive value was low for all criteria.
Border screening using self-reported symptoms and temperature testing has limitations for preventing pandemic influenza from entering a country. Using "any symptom" or cough would lead to many uninfected people being investigated, yet some infected people would remain undetected. If more specific criteria such as fever were used, most infected people would enter the country despite screening.
我们测量了症状和流感的流行情况，以及症状和体温筛查在识别流感方面的有效性，这些都是入境国际航班旅客的情况。
本横断面研究通过健康问卷、体温检测和呼吸道采样，收集了 2008 年冬季抵达新西兰基督城国际机场的旅客的数据。
共有 15976 名（68%）旅客返回了表格。其中，17%的人报告至少有 1 种流感症状，以流鼻涕或鼻塞（10%）和咳嗽（8%）最为常见。从 3769 名旅客中获得了呼吸道标本。估计流感的流行率为 1.1%（症状性的 4%，无症状性的 0.2%）。筛查标准的灵敏度从“任何症状”的 84%到 37.8°C 或以上的发热的 3%不等。所有标准的阳性预测值都较低。
使用自我报告的症状和体温检测进行边境筛查，对于防止大流行性流感进入一个国家存在局限性。使用“任何症状”或咳嗽会导致许多未感染的人接受调查，但一些感染者仍会被漏检。如果使用更具体的标准，如发热，尽管进行了筛查，大多数感染者仍会进入该国。
