Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 May;26(5):961-966. doi: 10.3201/eid2605.190993. Epub 2020 May 17.
International travel-related nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), which can include traveler screening, travel restrictions, and border closures, often are included in national influenza pandemic preparedness plans. We performed systematic reviews to identify evidence for their effectiveness. We found 15 studies in total. Some studies reported that NPIs could delay the introduction of influenza virus. However, no available evidence indicated that screening of inbound travelers would have a substantial effect on preventing spread of pandemic influenza, and no studies examining exit screening were found. Some studies reported that travel restrictions could delay the start of local transmission and slow international spread, and 1 study indicated that small Pacific islands were able to prevent importation of pandemic influenza during 1918-19 through complete border closure. This limited evidence base indicates that international travel-related NPIs would have limited effectiveness in controlling pandemic influenza and that these measures require considerable resources to implement.
国际旅行相关的非药物干预措施（NPIs），包括旅行者筛查、旅行限制和边境关闭，通常被纳入国家流感大流行准备计划。我们进行了系统评价，以确定其有效性的证据。我们共发现 15 项研究。一些研究报告称，NPIs 可以延迟流感病毒的引入。然而，没有证据表明对入境旅客进行筛查会对预防大流行性流感的传播产生重大影响，也没有发现研究入境后筛查的研究。一些研究报告称，旅行限制可以延迟本地传播的开始并减缓国际传播，一项研究表明，通过完全关闭边境，小太平洋岛屿能够在 1918-19 年期间防止大流行性流感的输入。这一有限的证据基础表明，国际旅行相关的 NPIs 在控制大流行性流感方面的效果有限，并且这些措施需要大量资源来实施。
