University Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Sep;270(10):2585-93. doi: 10.1007/s00405-012-2323-x. Epub 2012 Dec 23.
The hallmarks of cancer were updated by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2011. Here we discuss the updated hallmarks in relation to what is known of the molecular and cellular processes underlying the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Several mechanisms are described, and recent surveys of HNSCC suggest a limited number of mutations, from which more mechanisms may emerge. There are also epigenetic changes to the control of normal processes. More than one mechanism underlies each hallmark. Processes essential to the development of HNSCC need not be essential to the proliferation of the fully developed tumour. Attention is paid to the emerging hallmarks, deregulation of cellular energy metabolism and evasion of immune destruction, and enabling characteristics, genome instability and mutation and tumour-promoting inflammation. HNSCC may adapt to hypoxia, suppress HLA expression, and express Toll-like receptors to facilitate inflammation, which support the proliferation of the tumour.
2011 年，Hanahan 和 Weinberg 更新了癌症的标志性特征。在这里，我们讨论了这些更新的标志性特征，以及它们与已知的头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）发生的分子和细胞过程的关系。我们描述了几种机制，并且最近对头颈部鳞状细胞癌的调查表明，突变的数量有限，可能会出现更多的机制。正常过程的控制也存在表观遗传变化。每个标志性特征都有不止一种机制。对头颈部鳞状细胞癌发展至关重要的过程，不一定对头颈部鳞状细胞癌完全发展的肿瘤的增殖至关重要。我们关注新兴的标志性特征，细胞能量代谢的失调和逃避免疫破坏，以及使能特征，基因组不稳定性和突变以及促进肿瘤炎症。HNSCC 可能会适应缺氧，抑制 HLA 表达，并表达 Toll 样受体以促进炎症，从而支持肿瘤的增殖。
