US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 Feb;113(2):282-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.09.022.
Enhanced n-3 fatty acid intake benefits cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. Increasing consumption at a population level may be better addressed by diet than through supplementation. However, limited data are available on the effect of the dose response to fish intake on plasma levels of n-3 fatty acids. To compare the effects of different doses of farmed Atlantic salmon on plasma phospholipid fatty acid proportions and CVD risk biomarkers (eg, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6) in healthy subjects we performed a randomized three-period crossover-designed trial (4-week treatment, 4- to 8-week washout) to compare the effects of twice per week consumption of farmed Atlantic salmon at doses of 90, 180, and 270 g in 19 apparently healthy men and women (mean age 40 to 65 years) and a body mass index between 25 and 34.9. All study visits were conducted at the US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center. Eicosapentaenoic acid and total n-3 concentrations were increased (P<0.05) by all treatments in a dose-response manner, with total n-3 of 8.03% ± 0.26% and 9.21% ± 0.26% for 180- and 270-g doses, respectively. Linoleic acid did not change in response to treatment, whereas arachidonic acid (P<0.05) and total n-6 fatty acids decreased dose dependently (<0.0001). The addition of farmed Atlantic salmon to the diet twice per week for 4 weeks at portions of 180 g and 270 g modifies phospholipid fatty acid proportions of n-3 and n-6 in a level associated with decreased risk for CVD.
增加 n-3 脂肪酸的摄入量有益于降低心血管疾病（CVD）的风险。在人群层面上增加摄入量可能通过饮食而不是通过补充剂来更好地实现。然而，关于摄入鱼类的剂量反应对血浆 n-3 脂肪酸水平的影响的数据有限。为了比较不同剂量的养殖大西洋三文鱼对健康受试者血浆磷脂脂肪酸比例和 CVD 风险生物标志物（如葡萄糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗评估的稳态模型、高敏 C 反应蛋白和白细胞介素-6）的影响，我们进行了一项随机三周期交叉设计试验（4 周治疗，4-8 周洗脱期），比较每周两次食用养殖大西洋三文鱼 90、180 和 270 g 的效果在 19 名健康男性和女性（平均年龄 40 至 65 岁）和体重指数在 25 至 34.9 之间。所有研究访问均在美国农业部农业研究服务大福克斯人类营养研究中心进行。二十碳五烯酸和总 n-3 浓度以剂量依赖性方式增加（P<0.05），180-和 270-g 剂量的总 n-3 分别为 8.03%±0.26%和 9.21%±0.26%。亚麻酸的治疗反应没有变化，而花生四烯酸（P<0.05）和总 n-6 脂肪酸则呈剂量依赖性减少（<0.0001）。每周两次在饮食中添加 180 g 和 270 g 的养殖大西洋三文鱼，持续 4 周，可改变 n-3 和 n-6 磷脂脂肪酸比例，与 CVD 风险降低相关。
