Benson E R, Alphin R L, Rankin M K, Caputo M P, Hougentogler D P, Johnson A L
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 042 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Avian Dis. 2012 Dec;56(4 Suppl):891-6. doi: 10.1637/10160-040912-Reg.1.
When an avian influenza or virulent Newcastle disease outbreak occurs within commercial poultry, a large number of birds that are infected or suspected of infection must be destroyed on site to prevent the rapid spread of disease. The choice of mass emergency depopulation procedures is limited, and all options have limitations. Water-based foam mass emergency depopulation of poultry was developed in 2006 and conditionally approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and American Veterinary Medical Association. Water-based foam causes mechanical hypoxia and can be used for broilers, layers, turkeys, and ducks. The time to physiologic states was evaluated for broilers, layer hens, turkeys, and ducks, comparing water-based foam and CO2 gas using electroencephalogram (unconsciousness and brain death), electrocardiogram (altered terminal cardiac activity), and accelerometer (motion cessation). In broilers, turkeys, and layer hens, water-based foam results in equivalent times to unconsciousness, terminal convulsions, and altered terminal cardiac activity. With Pekin ducks, however, CO2 gas resulted in shorter times to key physiologic states, in particular unconsciousness, altered terminal cardiac activity, motion cessation, and brain death.
当商业家禽中发生禽流感或强毒新城疫疫情时，大量受感染或疑似感染的禽类必须在现场扑杀，以防止疾病迅速传播。大规模紧急扑杀程序的选择有限，且所有选项都有局限性。家禽水基泡沫大规模紧急扑杀方法于2006年研发，并获得美国农业部和美国兽医协会的有条件批准。水基泡沫会导致机械性缺氧，可用于肉鸡、蛋鸡、火鸡和鸭子。通过脑电图（昏迷和脑死亡）、心电图（终末心脏活动改变）和加速度计（运动停止），评估了肉鸡、蛋鸡、火鸡和鸭子达到生理状态的时间，比较了水基泡沫和二氧化碳气体的效果。在肉鸡、火鸡和蛋鸡中，水基泡沫导致昏迷、终末抽搐和终末心脏活动改变的时间相当。然而，对于北京鸭，二氧化碳气体导致达到关键生理状态的时间更短，特别是昏迷、终末心脏活动改变、运动停止和脑死亡。
