The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Athens, GA, USA.
Chemosphere. 2013 Jun;91(10):1426-33. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.043. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
Although the production and use of some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been banned or highly restricted, human exposure remains a subject of investigation due to their environmental persistence. Physiological changes during pregnancy may affect the disposition of POPs in the mother's body, and thus fetal exposure. Changes in serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) across pregnancy trimesters, and trans-placental transfer to the fetus were investigated. Seventy-nine pregnant women in Trujillo, Peru were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy, and provided blood samples for the analysis of 35 PCB congeners, 9 OCPs, and 11 polybrominated biphenyl diethers (PBDEs). Subsequently, maternal blood samples were collected in the second (n=64) and third trimesters (n=59), and cord blood samples (n=50) were collected at delivery. There were statistically significant changes across trimesters (p<0.05) for both fresh weight (increase) and lipid adjusted concentrations (decrease) of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE), PCB-74, 118, 138-158, 153, 170, 180 and 194. Fresh weight concentrations of these POPs increased from first to third trimester by 10-28%. On the other hand lipid adjusted concentrations decreased from first to third trimester by 16-28%. Serum lipids increased from first to third trimester by 53% indicating the dilution of the POPs in the lipids. Concentrations of 2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), its metabolite p,p'-DDE, PCB-118, 138-158, 153, 170 and 180 above their limits of detection were measured in >60% of cord serum samples. Intra-individual correlations in maternal serum concentrations were high for most of the POPs (ρ=0.62-0.99; p<0.05) while correlations between maternal and cord serum concentrations were also high (ρ=0.68-0.99; p<0.05). Results indicate that the disposition in the body and blood concentrations of POPs may change during pregnancy, and show trans-placental transfer of DDT, DDE and PCBs.
尽管一些持久性有机污染物 (POPs) 的生产和使用已被禁止或受到高度限制，但由于其在环境中的持久性，人类仍在继续接触这些污染物。孕妇在怀孕期间的生理变化可能会影响母体体内 POPs 的处置，进而影响胎儿的暴露程度。本研究调查了孕妇在妊娠的三个阶段血清中有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）浓度的变化，以及它们向胎儿的跨胎盘转移。在秘鲁特鲁希略招募了 79 名孕妇，在妊娠的第一个阶段采集了她们的血液样本，用于分析 35 种 PCB 同系物、9 种 OCP 和 11 种多溴联苯二醚 (PBDE)。随后，在妊娠的第二个阶段（n=64）和第三个阶段（n=59）采集了母亲的血液样本，并在分娩时采集了脐带血样本（n=50）。结果表明，在妊娠的三个阶段中，母体血液中六氯苯（HCB）、2,2-双（4-氯苯基）-1,1-二氯乙烯（p,p'-DDE）、PCB-74、118、138-158、153、170、180 和 194 的新鲜重量（增加）和脂质调整浓度（减少）均存在统计学上的显著变化（p<0.05）。这些 POP 的新鲜重量浓度从妊娠第一阶段到第三阶段增加了 10-28%。另一方面，脂质调整浓度从妊娠第一阶段到第三阶段下降了 16-28%。血清脂质从妊娠第一阶段到第三阶段增加了 53%，这表明 POP 在脂质中的稀释。2,2-双（4-氯苯基）-1,1,1-三氯乙烷（p,p'-DDT）、其代谢物 p,p'-DDE、PCB-118、138-158、153、170 和 180 的浓度在脐带血清样本中超过检测限的比例均>60%。在大多数 POP 中，母体血清浓度的个体内相关性较高（ρ=0.62-0.99；p<0.05），而母体和脐带血清浓度之间的相关性也较高（ρ=0.68-0.99；p<0.05）。结果表明，POP 在体内的处置和血液浓度可能会在怀孕期间发生变化，并显示出滴滴涕、DDE 和 PCBs 的胎盘转移。
