Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013 Apr;60(2):335-49. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2012.12.008.
Cytomegalovirus is the commonest congenital viral infection in the developed world, with an overall prevalence of approximately 0.6%. Approximately 10% of congenitally infected infants have signs and symptoms of disease at birth, and these symptomatic infants have a substantial risk of subsequent neurologic sequelae. These include sensorineural hearing loss, mental retardation, microcephaly, development delay, seizure disorders, and cerebral palsy. Antiviral therapy for children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection is effective at reducing the risk of long-term disabilities and should be offered to families with affected newborns. An effective preconceptual vaccine against CMV could protect against long-term neurologic sequelae and other disabilities.
巨细胞病毒是发达国家最常见的先天性病毒感染，总体患病率约为 0.6%。大约 10%先天性感染的婴儿在出生时就有疾病的迹象和症状，这些有症状的婴儿随后有很大的神经后遗症风险。这些包括感觉神经性听力损失、智力迟钝、小头畸形、发育迟缓、癫痫发作和脑瘫。对于有症状的先天性巨细胞病毒感染的儿童进行抗病毒治疗可有效降低长期残疾的风险，应向受感染新生儿的家庭提供。针对 CMV 的有效孕前疫苗可预防长期神经后遗症和其他残疾。
