Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Department of Microbiology Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Jan;71(2):183-203. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1318-0. Epub 2013 Mar 21.
The human gut represents a highly complex ecosystem, which is densely colonized by a myriad of microorganisms that influence the physiology, immune function and health status of the host. Among the many members of the human gut microbiota, there are microorganisms that have co-evolved with their host and that are believed to exert health-promoting or probiotic effects. Probiotic bacteria isolated from the gut and other environments are commercially exploited, and although there is a growing list of health benefits provided by the consumption of such probiotics, their precise mechanisms of action have essentially remained elusive. Genomics approaches have provided exciting new opportunities for the identification of probiotic effector molecules that elicit specific responses to influence the physiology and immune function of their human host. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the intriguing relationships that exist between the human gut and key members of the gut microbiota such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, discussed here as prototypical groups of probiotic microorganisms.
人类肠道代表了一个高度复杂的生态系统，其中密集地定植着无数影响宿主生理、免疫功能和健康状况的微生物。在人类肠道微生物群的众多成员中，有一些与宿主共同进化的微生物，被认为具有促进健康或益生菌的作用。从肠道和其他环境中分离出来的益生菌被商业化利用，尽管越来越多的研究表明这种益生菌具有促进健康的益处，但它们的确切作用机制基本上仍然难以捉摸。基因组学方法为鉴定益生菌效应分子提供了令人兴奋的新机会，这些分子可以引发特定的反应，从而影响其人类宿主的生理和免疫功能。在这篇综述中，我们描述了人类肠道与双歧杆菌和乳杆菌等肠道微生物群关键成员之间存在的有趣关系的现有认识，双歧杆菌和乳杆菌在这里被视为益生菌微生物的典型群体。
