Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, United States.
Virus Res. 2013 Dec 5;178(1):121-32. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.03.004. Epub 2013 Mar 21.
Vaccination of poultry for avian influenza virus (AIV) is a complex topic as there are numerous technical, logistic and regulatory aspects which must be considered. Historically, control of high pathogenicity (HP) AIV infection in poultry has been accomplished by eradication and stamping out when outbreaks occur locally. Since the H5N1 HPAIV from Asia has spread and become enzootic, vaccination has been used on a long-term basis by some countries to control the virus, other countries have used it temporarily to aid eradication efforts, while others have not used it at all. Currently, H5N1 HPAIV is considered enzootic in China, Egypt, Viet Nam, India, Bangladesh and Indonesia. All but Bangladesh and India have instituted vaccination programs for poultry. Importantly, the specifics of these programs differ to accommodate different situations, resources, and industry structure in each country. The current vaccines most commonly used are inactivated whole virus vaccines, but vectored vaccine use is increasing. Numerous technical improvements to these platforms and novel vaccine platforms for H5N1 vaccines have been reported, but most are not ready to be implemented in the field.
给禽类接种禽流感病毒 (AIV) 疫苗是一个复杂的话题，因为必须考虑到众多技术、后勤和监管方面的因素。从历史上看，通过在局部暴发时进行根除和扑灭来控制高致病性 (HP) AIV 感染。自从亚洲的 H5N1 高致病性禽流感病毒传播并成为地方病以来，一些国家长期使用疫苗来控制该病毒，其他国家则在短期内使用疫苗来协助根除工作，而其他国家则根本不使用疫苗。目前，中国、埃及、越南、印度、孟加拉国和印度尼西亚认为 H5N1 高致病性禽流感病毒是地方病。除了孟加拉国和印度之外，所有这些国家都为家禽制定了接种疫苗的计划。重要的是，这些方案的具体细节因各国的情况、资源和行业结构不同而有所不同。目前最常用的疫苗是灭活全病毒疫苗，但载体疫苗的使用正在增加。已经报道了针对这些平台的许多技术改进和针对 H5N1 疫苗的新型疫苗平台，但大多数尚未准备好在现场实施。
