Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2013 Apr 1;3(4):a010306. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a010306.
Biofilm formation constitutes an alternative lifestyle in which microorganisms adopt a multicellular behavior that facilitates and/or prolongs survival in diverse environmental niches. Biofilms form on biotic and abiotic surfaces both in the environment and in the healthcare setting. In hospital wards, the formation of biofilms on vents and medical equipment enables pathogens to persist as reservoirs that can readily spread to patients. Inside the host, biofilms allow pathogens to subvert innate immune defenses and are thus associated with long-term persistence. Here we provide a general review of the steps leading to biofilm formation on surfaces and within eukaryotic cells, highlighting several medically important pathogens, and discuss recent advances on novel strategies aimed at biofilm prevention and/or dissolution.
生物膜的形成是一种替代生活方式，其中微生物采取多细胞行为，有助于和/或延长在各种环境小生境中的生存。生物膜在环境和医疗保健环境中的生物和非生物表面上形成。在医院病房中，通风口和医疗设备上生物膜的形成使病原体能够作为储层持续存在，并且很容易传播给患者。在宿主内部，生物膜使病原体能够颠覆先天免疫防御，因此与长期存在相关。在这里，我们提供了一个关于表面和真核细胞内生物膜形成的一般综述，重点介绍了几种具有重要医学意义的病原体，并讨论了旨在预防和/或溶解生物膜的新策略的最新进展。
