INSERM, U1085-IRSET , F-35043 Rennes , France .
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2014 Aug;40(3):248-60. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2013.777687. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
Indoor fungal contamination has been associated with a wide range of adverse health effects, including infectious diseases, toxic effects and allergies. The diversity of fungi contributes to the complex role that they play in indoor environments and human diseases. Molds have a major impact on public health, and can cause different consequences in hospitals, homes and workplaces. This review presents the methods used to assess fungal contamination in these various environments, and discusses advantages and disadvantages for each method in consideration with different health risks. Air, dust and surface sampling strategies are compared, as well as the limits of various methods are used to detect and quantify fungal particles and fungal compounds. In addition to conventional microscopic and culture approaches, more recent chemical, immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods are described. This article also identifies common needs for future multidisciplinary research and development projects in this field, with specific interests on viable fungi and fungal fragment detections. The determination of fungal load and the detection of species in environmental samples greatly depend on the strategy of sampling and analysis. Quantitative PCR was found useful to identify associations between specific fungi and common diseases. The next-generation sequencing methods may afford new perspectives in this area.
室内真菌污染与多种不良健康影响有关，包括传染病、毒性作用和过敏。真菌的多样性导致它们在室内环境和人类疾病中发挥着复杂的作用。霉菌对公众健康有重大影响，并且在医院、家庭和工作场所可能会造成不同的后果。本文综述了用于评估这些不同环境中真菌污染的方法，并讨论了每种方法在考虑不同健康风险时的优缺点。比较了空气、灰尘和表面采样策略，以及各种方法检测和量化真菌颗粒和真菌化合物的局限性。除了传统的显微镜和培养方法外，还描述了更近期的基于化学、免疫测定和聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 的方法。本文还确定了该领域未来多学科研究和发展项目的共同需求，特别关注活真菌和真菌片段的检测。真菌负荷的确定和环境样本中物种的检测在很大程度上取决于采样和分析策略。定量 PCR 被发现有助于识别特定真菌与常见疾病之间的关联。下一代测序方法可能为此领域提供新的视角。
