Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Division of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Br J Psychol. 2013 Aug;104(3):303-19. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.2012.02118.x. Epub 2012 May 21.
Intuitive thinking is known to predict paranormal beliefs, but the processes underlying this relationship, and the role of other thinking dispositions, have remained unclear. Study 1 showed that while an intuitive style increased and a reflective disposition counteracted paranormal beliefs, the ontological confusions suggested to underlie paranormal beliefs were predicted by individual differences in involuntary inhibitory processes. When the reasoning system was subjected to cognitive load, the ontological confusions increased, lost their relationship with paranormal beliefs, and their relationship with weaker inhibition was strongly accentuated. These findings support the argument that the confusions are mainly intuitive and that they therefore are most discernible under conditions in which inhibition is impaired, that is, when thinking is dominated by intuitive processing. Study 2 replicated the findings on intuitive and reflective thinking and paranormal beliefs. In Study 2, ontological confusions were also related to the same thinking styles as paranormal beliefs. The results support a model in which both intuitive and non-reflective thinking styles and involuntary inhibitory processes give way to embracing culturally acquired paranormal beliefs.
直觉思维被认为可以预测超自然信仰，但这种关系背后的过程以及其他思维倾向的作用仍不清楚。研究 1 表明，虽然直觉风格会增加，而反思倾向会抵消超自然信仰，但超自然信仰所暗示的本体论混淆是由无意识抑制过程的个体差异预测的。当推理系统受到认知负荷时，本体论混淆会增加，它们与超自然信仰的关系消失，而它们与较弱的抑制之间的关系则被强烈强调。这些发现支持了这样一种论点，即这些混淆主要是直觉的，因此在抑制受损的情况下，即当思维主要由直觉处理主导时，这些混淆最容易被察觉。研究 2 复制了关于直觉和反思思维以及超自然信仰的发现。在研究 2 中，本体论混淆也与超自然信仰的相同思维方式有关。研究结果支持这样一种模型，即直觉和非反思思维方式以及无意识抑制过程都会导致对文化习得的超自然信仰的接受。
