Watanabe Hiromitsu
Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
J Toxicol Pathol. 2013 Jun;26(2):91-103. doi: 10.1293/tox.26.91. Epub 2013 Jul 10.
This review describes effects of miso with reference to prevention of radiation injury, cancer and hypertension with a twin focus on epidemiological and experimental evidence. Miso with a longer fermentation time increased crypt survival against radiation injury in mice. When evaluating different types of miso provided by different areas in Japan, miso fermented for a longer period increased the number of surviving crypts, and 180 days of fermentation was the most significant. Dietary administration of 180-day fermented miso inhibits the development of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and rat colon cancers in F344 rats. Miso was also effective in suppression of lung tumors, breast tumors in rats and liver tumors in mice. The incidence of gastric tumors of groups of rats given NaCl was higher than those of the groups given miso fermented for longer periods. Moreover, the systolic blood pressure of the Dahl male rat on 2.3% NaCl was significantly increased but that of the SD rat was not. However, the blood pressures of the rats on a diet of miso or commercial control diet (MF) did not increase. Even though miso contains 2.3% NaCl, their blood pressures were as stable as those of rats fed commercial diet containing 0.3% salt. So we considered that sodium in miso might behave differently compared with NaCl alone. These biological effects might be caused by longer fermentation periods.
本综述描述了味噌在预防辐射损伤、癌症和高血压方面的作用，重点关注流行病学和实验证据。发酵时间较长的味噌可提高小鼠隐窝对辐射损伤的存活率。在评估日本不同地区提供的不同类型味噌时，发酵时间较长的味噌可增加存活隐窝的数量，发酵180天最为显著。给F344大鼠喂食180天发酵的味噌可抑制由氧化偶氮甲烷（AOM）诱导的异常隐窝灶（ACF）和大鼠结肠癌的发展。味噌对抑制大鼠的肺癌、乳腺癌和小鼠的肝癌也有效。喂食氯化钠的大鼠组胃癌的发生率高于喂食发酵时间较长的味噌的大鼠组。此外，食用2.3%氯化钠的达尔雄性大鼠的收缩压显著升高，但SD大鼠的收缩压没有升高。然而，喂食味噌或商业对照饮食（MF）的大鼠血压没有升高。尽管味噌含有2.3%的氯化钠，但其血压与喂食含0.3%盐的商业饮食的大鼠一样稳定。因此，我们认为味噌中的钠与单独的氯化钠可能表现不同。这些生物学效应可能是由较长的发酵期引起的。
