Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Am J Nephrol. 2013;38(3):184-94. doi: 10.1159/000354314. Epub 2013 Aug 21.
Awareness of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is suboptimal among patients with CKD, perhaps due to poor readability of patient education materials (PEMs). We reviewed the suitability and readability of common PEMs that focused on 5 content areas: basics of CKD, risk factors for CKD development, risk factors for CKD progression, complications of CKD and self-management strategies to improve kidney health.
Three reviewers (nephrologist, primary care physician, patient) used the Suitability Assessment of Materials to rate PEMs on message content/stimulation of learning, typography, visuals and layout and determined literacy level. Mean ratings were calculated for each PEM by content area and overall (superior = 70-100; adequate = 40-69; inadequate = <40). Linear regression was used to determine the impact of literacy level on mean rating.
We reviewed 69 PEMs from 19 organizations, divided into 113 content area sections. Most (79%) PEM sections were 'adequate' (mean rating, 58.3%). Inclusion of patient-centered content and opportunities for patient interaction were associated with 'superior' ratings. Mean ratings (SD) were similar across content areas: basics of CKD, 58.9% (9.1); risk factors for CKD development, 57.0% (12.3); risk factors for CKD progression, 58.5% (12.0); CKD complications, 62.3% (15.7), and self-management strategies, 62.2% (12.3). ≤6th grade literacy level (vs. >6th grade) was associated with an 11.7 point higher mean rating.
Most PEMs for kidney disease were adequate. Outstanding PEMs shared characteristics of patient centeredness, a low literacy level, and patient interaction. Providers should be aware of strengths and limitations of PEMs when educating their patients about CKD.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者对该病的认识不足，这可能是由于患者教育材料（PEM）的可读性较差。我们回顾了专注于五个内容领域的常见 PEM 的适用性和可读性：CKD 的基础知识、CKD 发展的危险因素、CKD 进展的危险因素、CKD 的并发症以及改善肾脏健康的自我管理策略。
三位评审员（肾脏病专家、初级保健医生、患者）使用材料适宜性评估来评估 PEM 在信息内容/促进学习、排版、视觉效果和布局方面的适宜性，并确定其识字水平。根据每个 PEM 的内容领域和总体（优秀=70-100；合格=40-69；不合格=<40）计算平均评分。线性回归用于确定识字水平对平均评分的影响。
我们审查了来自 19 个组织的 69 份 PEM，分为 113 个内容领域部分。大多数（79%）PEM 部分为“合格”（平均评分 58.3%）。包含以患者为中心的内容和患者互动机会与“优秀”评分相关。各内容领域的平均评分（SD）相似：CKD 的基础知识，58.9%（9.1）；CKD 发展的危险因素，57.0%（12.3）；CKD 进展的危险因素，58.5%（12.0）；CKD 并发症，62.3%（15.7）和自我管理策略，62.2%（12.3）。识字水平≤6 年级（与>6 年级相比）与平均评分高 11.7 分相关。
大多数肾脏疾病的 PEM 是合格的。优秀的 PEM 具有以患者为中心、低识字水平和患者互动的特点。在向患者教育 CKD 时，医务人员应了解 PEM 的优缺点。
