Rathore Gaurav, Kumar Gokhlesh, Raja Swaminathan T, Swain P
National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002 UP India.
Indian J Virol. 2012 Sep;23(2):124-33. doi: 10.1007/s13337-012-0101-4. Epub 2012 Sep 6.
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a widely cultivated freshwater fish for human consumption, while koi carp, is a farmed colored sub species of common carp used for ornamental purposes. Since 1998, both common carp and koi carp are severely affected by a viral disease called as Koi herpes virus disease (KHVD). This disease is caused by Koi herpes virus (KHV), also known as cyprinid herpes virus-3. The virus causes interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis in carps, so it is also termed as carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus. KHV is a double stranded icosahedral DNA virus belonging to family Alloherpesviridae, with a genome size of 295 kbp, larger than any member of Herpesviridae. The viral genome encodes 156 potential protein coding open reading frames. Each virion consists of forty structural proteins, which are classified as capsid (3), envelope (13), tegument (2) and unclassified (22) structural proteins. Diagnosis of KHVD is mainly based on detection of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction amplification using specific primers or loop mediated isothermal amplification. Temperature dependent latent infection is unique to KHV; and carrier fish are often not detected, thereby possibly resulting in spread of this pathogen to newer areas. The disease is now known to occur in, or has been recorded from at least 26 different countries of the world. Fortunately, KHVD has not been reported from India or from Indian major carps. To monitor the disease status of the country, a total of 254 fish samples collected from different parts of India were screened by PCR for the presence of KHV. None of the tested samples were found to be positive for KHV. These results demonstrate that tested samples from different parts of India were apparently free from KHV. Preliminary risk assessment of KHV suggest that in the event of unrestricted importation of koi carps into our country, there is a higher probability of risk to aquaculture as compared to natural waters. So there is strong need to develop diagnostic capabilities and launch surveillance programmes for KHV in India.
鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）是一种广泛养殖以供人类食用的淡水鱼，而锦鲤是养殖的普通鲤鱼的彩色亚种，用于观赏目的。自1998年以来，普通鲤鱼和锦鲤都受到一种名为锦鲤疱疹病毒病（KHVD）的病毒性疾病的严重影响。这种疾病由锦鲤疱疹病毒（KHV）引起，也称为鲤疱疹病毒-3。该病毒会导致鲤鱼间质性肾炎和鳃坏死，因此它也被称为鲤鱼间质性肾炎和鳃坏死病毒。KHV是一种双链二十面体DNA病毒，属于异疱疹病毒科，基因组大小为295 kbp，比疱疹病毒科的任何成员都大。病毒基因组编码156个潜在的蛋白质编码开放阅读框。每个病毒粒子由40种结构蛋白组成，这些结构蛋白分为衣壳（3种）、包膜（13种）、被膜（2种）和未分类（22种）结构蛋白。KHVD的诊断主要基于使用特异性引物通过聚合酶链反应扩增或环介导等温扩增来检测病毒DNA。温度依赖性潜伏感染是KHV独有的；而且通常检测不到携带病毒的鱼，从而可能导致这种病原体传播到新的地区。现在已知这种疾病在世界上至少26个不同国家发生或已被记录。幸运的是，印度或印度主要鲤鱼品种尚未报告有KHVD。为监测该国的疾病状况，通过PCR对从印度不同地区收集的总共254份鱼样本进行了KHV检测。没有一个测试样本被发现KHV呈阳性。这些结果表明，来自印度不同地区的测试样本显然没有KHV。对KHV的初步风险评估表明，与天然水域相比，如果我国无限制地进口锦鲤，水产养殖面临的风险概率更高。因此，印度迫切需要发展诊断能力并启动针对KHV的监测计划。
