Charlton Athletic FC, London, UK.
J Sports Sci Med. 2008 Mar 1;7(1):157-65. eCollection 2008.
The purpose of this study was to examine season-to-season variations in physiological fitness parameters among a 1(st) team squad of professional adult male soccer players for the confirmatory purposes of identifying normative responses (immediately prior to pre-season training (PPS), mid-season (MID), and end-of-season (EOS)). Test-retest data were collected from a student population on the primary dependent variables of anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximal aerobic power (VO2 max) to define meaningful measurement change in excess of test-retest technical error between test-to-test performances. Participants from a pool of 42 professional soccer players were tested over a set sequence of tests during the 3-year period: 1) basic anthropometry, 2) countermovement jump (CMJ) tests 3) a combined AT and VO2 max test. Over the 3-year period there were no test-to-test changes in mean VO2 max performance exceeding pre-defined limits of test agreement (mean of eight measures: 61.6 ± 0.6 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)). In contrast, VO2 at AT was significantly higher at the MID test occasion in seasons 2 (+4.8%; p = 0.04, p < 0.05) and 3 (+6.8%; p = 0.03, p < 0.05). The CMJ tests showed a test-to-test improvement of 6.3% (best of 3 jumps) (p = 0.03, p < 0.05) and 10.3% (20-s sustained jumping test) (p = 0.007, p < 0.01) between PPS2 and MID2 and thereafter remained stable. Anthropometrics were unaffected. In summary, despite some personnel changes in the elite cohort between test-to-test occasions, VO2 max values did not vary significantly over the study which supports previous short-term observations suggesting a general 'elite' threshold of 60 ml·kg(-1) min. Interestingly, AT significantly varied where VO2 max was stable and these variations also coincided with on- and off-seasons suggesting that AT is a better indication of acute training state than VO2 max. Key pointsMaximal aerobic power remains fairly stable across inter- and intra-season measurements.Anaerobic threshold appears more sensitive of training state confirming our earlier observations.The professional players tended to attain optimal performances at the mid-season interval over the 3 seasons, presumably prior to the development of accumulative fatigue.
本研究的目的是检验职业成年男性足球运动员一线队的生理适应参数在赛季间的变化，以确认（即在赛季前训练（PPS）前、赛季中期（MID）和赛季末（EOS））的正常反应。主要因变量的无氧阈（AT）和最大有氧能力（VO2 max）的测试-再测试数据是从学生群体中收集的，以确定在测试到测试表现的测试-再测试技术误差之外，有意义的测量变化。从 42 名职业足球运动员中选取了一组运动员，在 3 年的时间里进行了一系列测试：1）基本人体测量学，2）反跳测试（CMJ），3）AT 和 VO2 max 联合测试。在 3 年期间，VO2 max 的平均性能没有超过预先确定的测试一致性限制（8 次测量的平均值：61.6±0.6 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)）。相比之下，在第 2 赛季和第 3 赛季，MID 测试时的 AT 处的 VO2 值明显更高（分别增加了+4.8%和+6.8%；p=0.04，p<0.05）。CMJ 测试显示，在 PPS2 和 MID2 之间，最佳 3 次跳跃测试的测试-再测试提高了 6.3%（p=0.03，p<0.05），20 秒持续跳跃测试提高了 10.3%（p=0.007，p<0.01），此后保持稳定。人体测量学没有变化。总之，尽管精英组在测试到测试期间有一些人员变动，但 VO2 max 值在整个研究中没有显著变化，这支持了以前的短期观察结果，即一般的“精英”阈值为 60 ml·kg(-1) min。有趣的是，AT 明显变化，而 VO2 max 稳定，这些变化也与赛季内和赛季外相吻合，这表明 AT 比 VO2 max 更能反映急性训练状态。关键点最大有氧能力在跨赛季和内赛季的测量中相当稳定。无氧阈似乎对训练状态更敏感，证实了我们之前的观察结果。在 3 个赛季中，职业球员往往在赛季中期达到最佳表现，可能是在累积疲劳之前。
