Skodzik Timo, Holling Heinz, Pedersen Anya
1 University of Muenster, Germany.
J Atten Disord. 2017 Feb;21(4):267-283. doi: 10.1177/1087054713510561. Epub 2016 Jul 28.
Memory problems are a frequently reported symptom in adult ADHD, and it is well-documented that adults with ADHD perform poorly on long-term memory tests. However, the cause of this effect is still controversial. The present meta-analysis examined underlying mechanisms that may lead to long-term memory impairments in adult ADHD.
We performed separate meta-analyses of measures of memory acquisition and long-term memory using both verbal and visual memory tests. In addition, the influence of potential moderator variables was examined.
Adults with ADHD performed significantly worse than controls on verbal but not on visual long-term memory and memory acquisition subtests. The long-term memory deficit was strongly statistically related to the memory acquisition deficit. In contrast, no retrieval problems were observable.
Our results suggest that memory deficits in adult ADHD reflect a learning deficit induced at the stage of encoding. Implications for clinical and research settings are presented.
记忆问题是成人注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）中经常报告的症状，且有充分文献记载，患有ADHD的成年人在长期记忆测试中表现不佳。然而，这种影响的原因仍存在争议。本荟萃分析研究了可能导致成人ADHD长期记忆受损的潜在机制。
我们使用言语和视觉记忆测试，分别对记忆获取和长期记忆的测量进行了荟萃分析。此外，还研究了潜在调节变量的影响。
患有ADHD的成年人在言语长期记忆和记忆获取子测试中的表现明显比对照组差，但在视觉方面并非如此。长期记忆缺陷在统计学上与记忆获取缺陷密切相关。相比之下，未观察到检索问题。
我们的结果表明，成人ADHD的记忆缺陷反映了编码阶段诱发的学习缺陷。文中还阐述了对临床和研究环境的启示。
