Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013 Dec 11;13:351. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-351.
Betel quid chewing is a popular habit in Southeast Asia. It is believed that chewing betel quid could reduce stress, strengthen teeth and maintain oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of each of the ingredients of betel quid and compared with betel quid itself (with and without calcium hydroxide). The correlation of their cytoprotective and antioxidant activities with phenolic content was also determined.
Five samples (betel leaf, areca nut, gambir, betel quid and betel quid containing calcium hydroxide) were extracted in deionized distilled water for 12 hours at 37°C. Antioxidant activities were evaluated for radical scavenging activity using DPPH assay, ferric reducing activity using FRAP assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity using FTC assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. Phenolic composition was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Cytoprotective activity towards human gingival fibroblast cells was examined using MTT assay.
Among the ingredients of betel quid, gambir demonstrated the highest antioxidant (DPPH - IC50 = 6.4 ± 0.8 μg/mL, FRAP - 5717.8 ± 537.6 μmol Fe(II)/mg), total phenolic content (TPC - 1142.5 ± 106.8 μg TAE/mg) and cytoprotective (100.1 ± 4.6%) activities. Betel quid when compared with betel quid containing calcium hydroxide has higher antioxidant (DPPH - IC50 =59.4 ± 4.4 μg/mL, FRAP - 1022.2 ± 235.7 μmol Fe(II)/mg), total phenolic content (TPC - 140.0 ± 22.3 μg TAE/mg), and cytoprotective (113.5 ± 15.9%) activities. However, all of the five samples showed good lipid peroxidation inhibition compared to vitamin E. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of quinic acid as the major compound of gambir and betel quid. A positive correlation was observed between TPC and radical scavenging (r = 0.972), reducing power (r = 0.981) and cytoprotective activity (r = 0.682).
The betel quid has higher TPC, and antioxidant and cytoprotective activities than betel quid with calcium hydroxide. The quinic acid in betel quid may play an important role in the oral health protection.
嚼槟榔是东南亚流行的一种习惯。人们认为嚼槟榔可以减轻压力，强健牙齿，保持口腔卫生。本研究旨在研究槟榔各成分的抗氧化和细胞保护活性，并与槟榔本身（含或不含氢氧化钙）进行比较。还确定了它们的细胞保护和抗氧化活性与酚含量的相关性。
将 5 种样品（槟榔叶、槟榔、荖花、槟榔和含氢氧化钙的槟榔）在 37°C 下用去离子蒸馏水提取 12 小时。使用 DPPH 法评估抗氧化活性，使用 FRAP 法评估铁还原能力，使用 FTC 法评估脂质过氧化抑制活性。使用福林-肖卡法测定总酚含量（TPC）。使用 LC-MS/MS 分析酚类成分。使用 MTT 测定法检查对人牙龈成纤维细胞的细胞保护活性。
在槟榔的成分中，荖花表现出最高的抗氧化（DPPH-IC50=6.4±0.8μg/mL，FRAP-5717.8±537.6μmol Fe（II）/mg）、总酚含量（TPC-1142.5±106.8μg TAE/mg）和细胞保护（100.1±4.6%）活性。与含氢氧化钙的槟榔相比，槟榔具有更高的抗氧化（DPPH-IC50=59.4±4.4μg/mL，FRAP-1022.2±235.7μmol Fe（II）/mg）、总酚含量（TPC-140.0±22.3μg TAE/mg）和细胞保护（113.5±15.9%）活性。然而，与维生素 E 相比，所有 5 种样品均显示出良好的抑制脂质过氧化作用。LC-MS/MS 分析表明，荖花和槟榔中主要化合物为奎宁酸。TPC 与自由基清除（r=0.972）、还原能力（r=0.981）和细胞保护活性（r=0.682）呈正相关。
与含氢氧化钙的槟榔相比，槟榔具有更高的 TPC、抗氧化和细胞保护活性。槟榔中的奎宁酸可能在口腔健康保护中起重要作用。
