Eloranta A M, Lindi V, Schwab U, Kiiskinen S, Venäläinen T, Lakka H M, Laaksonen D E, Lakka T A
Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland,
Eur J Nutr. 2014 Sep;53(6):1431-9. doi: 10.1007/s00394-013-0646-z. Epub 2013 Dec 30.
Previous evidence for the associations of eating frequency and food consumption with clustering of metabolic risk factors among children is limited. We therefore investigated association of the daily number of main meals and snacks and food consumption with a metabolic risk score and individual metabolic risk factors in primary school children.
The subjects were a population sample of Finnish girls and boys 6-8 years of age. Dietary factors were measured by a four-day food record. Metabolic risk score was calculated summing up the Z-scores of waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and concentrations of fasting serum insulin and fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the latest multiplying by -1.
Skipping main meals (standardized regression coefficient β = -0.18, P < 0.001), a higher consumption of non-root vegetables (β = 0.18, P < 0.01), low-fat vegetable-oil-based margarine (β = 0.13, P < 0.01) and sugar-sweetened beverages (β = 0.11, P < 0.05) and a lower consumption of vegetable oils (β = -0.10, P < 0.05) were associated with a higher metabolic risk score after adjustment for age, sex, total physical activity, electronic media time, energy intake and other dietary factors. The consumption of red meat was directly related to the metabolic risk score, but the association was not statistically significant after adjustment for energy intake.
Eating main meals regularly, decreasing the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and low-fat margarine and increasing the consumption of vegetable oils should be emphasized to reduce metabolic risk among children.
先前关于儿童进食频率和食物摄入量与代谢危险因素聚集之间关联的证据有限。因此，我们调查了小学生每日正餐和零食的数量以及食物摄入量与代谢风险评分和个体代谢危险因素之间的关联。
研究对象为芬兰6至8岁的男女孩群体样本。通过为期四天的食物记录来测量饮食因素。代谢风险评分通过将腰围、收缩压和舒张压的Z评分以及空腹血清胰岛素、空腹血糖、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度相加计算得出，最后一项乘以-1。
不吃正餐（标准化回归系数β = -0.18，P < 0.001）、非根茎类蔬菜摄入量较高（β = 0.18，P < 0.01）、低脂植物油人造黄油摄入量较高（β = 0.13，P < 0.01）、含糖饮料摄入量较高（β = 0.11，P < 0.05）以及植物油摄入量较低（β = -0.10，P < 0.05）与调整年龄、性别、总身体活动量、电子媒体使用时间、能量摄入和其他饮食因素后的较高代谢风险评分相关。红肉的摄入量与代谢风险评分直接相关，但在调整能量摄入后，这种关联无统计学意义。
应强调规律吃正餐、减少含糖饮料和低脂人造黄油的摄入量以及增加植物油的摄入量，以降低儿童的代谢风险。
