Weber Katharina Susanne, Raab Jennifer, Haupt Florian, Aschemeier Bärbel, Wosch Anja, Ried Christiane, Kordonouri Olga, Ziegler Anette-Gabriele, Winkler Christiane
1Institute of Diabetes Research,Helmholtz Zentrum München,and Forschergruppe Diabetes,Klinikum rechts der Isar,Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany.
3Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus auf der Bult,Hannover,Germany.
Public Health Nutr. 2015 Jan;18(1):50-8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980013003406. Epub 2014 Jan 2.
The development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is potentially influenced by nutrition. The aim of our study was to assess food and nutrient intakes of children at increased risk of T1D.
Dietary intake of the last 4 weeks was assessed using a diet history interview. The daily nutrient and food intakes were compared with the German Dietary Reference Intakes, the Optimized Mixed Diet recommendations and those of a representative sample of children from the EsKiMo study.
Children included in the analysis participated in the prospective TEENDIAB study.
First-degree relatives of people with T1D (n 268), aged 8-12 years.
The TEENDIAB children consumed 52·0 % of their total energy from carbohydrates, 32·6 % from fat and 14·3 % from protein. Compared with the reference values, their intake was lowest for folate at 61·3 % of the reference, for iodine at 58·1 % and for vitamin D at 8·9 %, and exceeded the reference for vitamin K about 5-fold, for Na about 3·5-fold and for protein about 1·5-fold. Their nutrient intakes were similar to those of a control cohort without increased T1D risk. The consumption of non-desirable food groups (meat products, sweets/snacks) was above the recommendations and the consumption of desirable food groups (fruits, vegetables, carbohydrate-rich foods) was below the recommendations.
The TEENDIAB children had intakes considerably below the recommendations for vitamin D, iodine, folate and plant-based foods, and intakes above for vitamin K, Na, protein, meat products and sweets/snacks. They showed similar dietary patterns to non-risk children.
1型糖尿病（T1D）的发病可能受营养影响。本研究旨在评估T1D风险增加儿童的食物和营养素摄入量。
通过饮食史访谈评估过去4周的饮食摄入量。将每日营养素和食物摄入量与德国饮食参考摄入量、优化混合饮食建议以及来自EsKiMo研究的儿童代表性样本的摄入量进行比较。
纳入分析的儿童参与了前瞻性TEENDIAB研究。
T1D患者的一级亲属（n = 268），年龄8 - 12岁。
TEENDIAB儿童碳水化合物提供的能量占总能量的52.0%，脂肪占32.6%，蛋白质占14.3%。与参考值相比，他们的叶酸摄入量最低，为参考值的61.3%，碘摄入量为58.1%，维生素D摄入量为8.9%，维生素K摄入量超过参考值约5倍，钠摄入量超过参考值约3.5倍，蛋白质摄入量超过参考值约1.5倍。他们的营养素摄入量与无T1D风险增加的对照队列相似。不良食物组（肉类产品、糖果/零食）的消费量高于建议值，而理想食物组（水果、蔬菜、富含碳水化合物的食物）的消费量低于建议值。
TEENDIAB儿童的维生素D、碘、叶酸和植物性食物摄入量远低于建议值，而维生素K、钠、蛋白质、肉类产品和糖果/零食的摄入量高于建议值。他们的饮食模式与无风险儿童相似。
