Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2014 May 21;43(10):3595-629. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60436e. Epub 2014 Mar 14.
Insulin is essential for type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetics to maintain blood glucose levels and prolong lives. The traditional administration requires frequent subcutaneous insulin injections that are associated with poor patient compliance, including pain, local tissue necrosis, infection, and nerve damage. Taking advantage of emerging micro- and nanotechnologies, numerous alternative strategies integrated with chemical approaches for insulin delivery have been investigated. This review outlines recent developments in the controlled delivery of insulin, including oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal, subcutaneous and closed-loop insulin delivery. Perspectives from new materials, formulations and devices at the micro- or nano-scales are specifically surveyed. Advantages and limitations of current delivery methods, as well as future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
胰岛素对于 1 型和晚期 2 型糖尿病患者维持血糖水平和延长生命至关重要。传统的给药方式需要频繁进行皮下胰岛素注射，但这种方式与较差的患者依从性有关，包括疼痛、局部组织坏死、感染和神经损伤。利用新兴的微纳技术，已经研究了许多与化学方法相结合的胰岛素传递的替代策略。本文综述了胰岛素的控释方面的最新进展，包括口服、鼻内、肺部、透皮、皮下和闭环胰岛素输送。特别调查了微纳尺度的新材料、配方和装置的观点。还讨论了当前输送方法的优缺点以及未来的机遇和挑战。
