Stowers Institute for Medical Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Cell. 2014 Mar 27;157(1):110-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.041.
Cell differentiation is an essential process for the development, growth, reproduction, and longevity of all multicellular organisms, and its regulation has been the focus of intense investigation for the past four decades. The study of natural and induced stem cells has ushered an age of re-examination of what it means to be a stem or a differentiated cell. Past and recent discoveries in plants and animals, as well as novel experimental manipulations, are beginning to erode many of these established concepts and are forcing a re-evaluation of the experimental systems and paradigms presently being used to explore these and other biological process.
细胞分化是所有多细胞生物发育、生长、繁殖和长寿的必要过程，其调控一直是过去四十年研究的焦点。对天然和诱导干细胞的研究开创了一个重新审视何为干细胞或分化细胞的时代。过去和最近在动植物中的发现，以及新的实验操作，开始侵蚀许多这些既定概念，并迫使人们重新评估目前用于探索这些和其他生物过程的实验系统和范例。
