Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
J Control Release. 2014 Sep 28;190:607-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.055. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
Biofilms are matrix-enclosed communities of bacteria that show increased antibiotic resistance and the capability to evade the immune system. They can cause recalcitrant infections which cannot be cured with classical antibiotic therapy. Drug delivery by lipid or polymer nanoparticles is considered a promising strategy for overcoming biofilm resistance. These particles are able to improve the delivery of antibiotics to the bacterial cells, thereby increasing the efficacy of the treatment. In this review we give an overview of the types of polymer and lipid nanoparticles that have been developed for this purpose. The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticle encapsulated antibiotics compared to the activity of the free antibiotic is discussed in detail. In addition, targeting and triggered drug release strategies to further improve the antimicrobial activity are reviewed. Finally, ample attention is given to advanced microscopy methods that shed light on the behavior of nanoparticles inside biofilms, allowing further optimization of the nanoformulations. Lipid and polymer nanoparticles were found to increase the antimicrobial efficacy in many cases. Strategies such as the use of fusogenic liposomes, targeting of the nanoparticles and triggered release of the antimicrobial agent ensured the delivery of the antimicrobial agent in close proximity of the bacterial cells, maximizing the exposure of the biofilm to the antimicrobial agent. The majority of the discussed papers still present data on the in vitro anti-biofilm activity of nanoformulations, indicating that there is an urgent need for more in vivo studies in this field.
生物膜是由细菌组成的，被基质包裹的群落，表现出更高的抗生素耐药性和逃避免疫系统的能力。它们可以引起难治性感染，这些感染不能用经典的抗生素治疗来治愈。脂质或聚合物纳米粒子的药物输送被认为是克服生物膜耐药性的一种有前途的策略。这些颗粒能够改善抗生素向细菌细胞的传递，从而提高治疗效果。在这篇综述中，我们概述了为此目的而开发的聚合物和脂质纳米粒子的类型。详细讨论了纳米颗粒包裹的抗生素与游离抗生素的抗菌活性。此外，还综述了靶向和触发药物释放策略，以进一步提高抗菌活性。最后，充分关注先进的显微镜方法，这些方法揭示了纳米颗粒在生物膜内的行为，从而可以进一步优化纳米制剂。在许多情况下，脂质和聚合物纳米粒子都能提高抗菌功效。例如使用融合脂质体、靶向纳米颗粒和触发抗菌剂释放等策略，确保抗菌剂在靠近细菌细胞的地方传递，最大限度地使生物膜暴露于抗菌剂下。大多数讨论的论文仍然提供了纳米制剂体外抗生物膜活性的数据，这表明该领域迫切需要更多的体内研究。
