Ajabnoor Ghada M, Bahijri Suhad, Borai Anwar, Abdulkhaliq Altaf A, Al-Aama Jumana Y, Chrousos George P
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
PLoS One. 2014 May 8;9(5):e96500. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096500. eCollection 2014.
Muslims go through strict Ramadan fasting from dawn till sunset for one month yearly. These practices are associated with disturbed feeding and sleep patterns. We recently demonstrated that, during Ramadan, circadian cortisol rhythm of Saudis is abolished, exposing these subjects to continuously increased cortisol levels.
Secretory patterns of other hormones and metabolic parameters associated with cortisol, and insulin resistance, might be affected during Ramadan.
Ramadan practitioners (18 males, 5 females; mean age ±SEM = 23.16±1.2 years) were evaluated before and two weeks into Ramadan. Blood was collected for measurements of endocrine and metabolic parameters at 9 am (±1 hour) and again twelve hours later.
In Ramadan, glucose concentration was kept within normal range, with a significant increase in the morning. Mean morning concentration of leptin was significantly higher than pre-Ramadan values (p = 0.001), in contrast to that of adiponectin, which was significantly lower (p<0.001). These changes were associated with increased insulin resistance in morning and evening. Concentrations of hsCRP were lower during Ramadan than those during regular living conditions, however, normal circadian fluctuation was abolished (p = 0.49). Even though means of liver enzymes, total bilirubin, total protein and albumin were all decreased during Ramadan, statistically lower means were only noted for GGT, total protein, and albumin (p = 0.018, 0.002 and 0.001 respectively).
Saudi Ramadan practitioners have altered adipokine patterns, typical of insulin resistance. The noted decreases of hsCRP, liver enzymes, total protein, and albumin, are most likely a result of fasting, while loss of circadian rhythmicity of hsCRP is probably due to loss of circadian cortisol rhythm.
Modern Ramadan practices in Saudi Arabia, which are associated with evening hypercortisolism, are also characterized by altered adipokines patterns, and an abolished hsCRP circadian rhythm, all likely to increase cardiometabolic risk.
穆斯林每年有一个月的时间从黎明到日落进行严格的斋月禁食。这些行为与饮食和睡眠模式紊乱有关。我们最近证明，在斋月期间，沙特人的昼夜皮质醇节律被消除，使这些受试者持续暴露于皮质醇水平升高的状态。
在斋月期间，与皮质醇相关的其他激素的分泌模式以及代谢参数和胰岛素抵抗可能会受到影响。
对斋月禁食者（18名男性，5名女性；平均年龄±标准误=23.16±1.2岁）在斋月前和斋月开始两周后进行评估。上午9点（±1小时）采集血液用于测量内分泌和代谢参数，12小时后再次采集。
在斋月期间，血糖浓度保持在正常范围内，但早晨显著升高。瘦素的平均早晨浓度显著高于斋月前的值（p = 0.001），而脂联素的浓度则显著降低（p < 0.001）。这些变化与早晚胰岛素抵抗增加有关。斋月期间hsCRP的浓度低于正常生活条件下的浓度，然而，正常的昼夜波动被消除（p = 0.49）。尽管斋月期间肝酶、总胆红素、总蛋白和白蛋白的平均值均下降，但仅GGT、总蛋白和白蛋白的平均值在统计学上较低（分别为p = 0.018、0.002和0.001）。
沙特斋月禁食者的脂肪因子模式发生改变，这是胰岛素抵抗的典型表现。hsCRP、肝酶、总蛋白和白蛋白的下降很可能是禁食的结果，而hsCRP昼夜节律的丧失可能是由于昼夜皮质醇节律的丧失。
沙特阿拉伯现代的斋月禁食行为与夜间皮质醇增多症有关，其特征还包括脂肪因子模式改变和hsCRP昼夜节律消失，所有这些都可能增加心脏代谢风险。
