Rajput Meena, Bairwa Mohan, Rajput Rajesh
Department of Community Medicine, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
Department of Endocrinology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014 May;18(3):350-4. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.131176.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health concern as it affects health status of both mother and fetus. In India, prevalence of GDM varies in different populations and no data is available from rural Haryana. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of GDM and risk factors associated with it in rural women of Haryana.
Nine hundred and thirteen women, with estimated gestational age above 24 weeks from a rural block of Haryana who consented to participate were given a standardized 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Pro forma containing general information on demographic characteristics, educational level, gravida, family history of diabetes, and past history of GDM was filled-up. A World Health Organization (WHO) criterion for 2-h 75-g OGTT was used for diagnosing GDM.
GDM was diagnosed in 127/913 (13.9%) women with higher mean age as compared to non-GDM women. Majority (78.4%) of the women were housewives, rest engaged in agriculture (9.2%) and labor (5.5%). Women with gravida ≥3 and positive family history of diabetes had significantly higher prevalence of GDM. History of macrosomia (birth weight ≥4 kg) was significantly associated with prevalence of GDM (P = 0.002). On multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors found to be significantly associated with GDM were maternal age >25 years, gravida >3, history of macrosomic baby, and family history of diabetes.
The prevalence of GDM has been found quite high in rural Haryana. Appropriate interventions are required for control and risk factor modifications.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是一个全球性的健康问题，因为它会影响母亲和胎儿的健康状况。在印度，GDM的患病率在不同人群中有所不同，而哈里亚纳邦农村地区尚无相关数据。本研究旨在确定哈里亚纳邦农村妇女中GDM的患病率及其相关危险因素。
来自哈里亚纳邦一个农村地区的913名估计孕周超过24周且同意参与的妇女，接受了标准化的2小时75克口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）。填写了包含人口统计学特征、教育水平、妊娠次数、糖尿病家族史和既往GDM病史等一般信息的表格。采用世界卫生组织（WHO）的2小时75克OGTT标准诊断GDM。
127/913（13.9%）名妇女被诊断为GDM，其平均年龄高于非GDM妇女。大多数（78.4%）妇女是家庭主妇，其余从事农业（9.2%）和劳动（5.5%）。妊娠次数≥3且糖尿病家族史阳性的妇女GDM患病率显著更高。巨大儿（出生体重≥4千克）病史与GDM患病率显著相关（P = 0.002）。多因素逻辑回归分析发现，与GDM显著相关的危险因素为产妇年龄>25岁、妊娠次数>3、巨大儿病史和糖尿病家族史。
已发现哈里亚纳邦农村地区GDM患病率相当高。需要采取适当干预措施来控制和改变危险因素。
