通过地理信息系统探索儿童铅暴露：近期文献综述
Exploring childhood lead exposure through GIS: a review of the recent literature.
作者信息
Akkus Cem, Ozdenerol Esra
机构信息
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014 Jun 18;11(6):6314-34. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110606314.
Abstract
Childhood exposure to lead remains a critical health control problem in the US. Integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into childhood lead exposure studies significantly enhanced identifying lead hazards in the environment and determining at risk children. Research indicates that the toxic threshold for lead exposure was updated three times in the last four decades: 60 to 30 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL) in 1975, 25 µg/dL in 1985, and 10 µb/dL in 1991. These changes revealed the extent of lead poisoning. By 2012 it was evident that no safe blood lead threshold for the adverse effects of lead on children had been identified and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) currently uses a reference value of 5 µg/dL. Review of the recent literature on GIS-based studies suggests that numerous environmental risk factors might be critical for lead exposure. New GIS-based studies are used in surveillance data management, risk analysis, lead exposure visualization, and community intervention strategies where geographically-targeted, specific intervention measures are taken.
摘要
在美国，儿童时期接触铅仍然是一个关键的健康控制问题。将地理信息系统（GIS）整合到儿童铅暴露研究中，显著增强了对环境中铅危害的识别以及对高危儿童的判定。研究表明，在过去四十年中，铅暴露的毒性阈值更新了三次：1975年为60至30微克每分升（µg/dL），1985年为25 µg/dL，1991年为10 µg/dL。这些变化揭示了铅中毒的程度。到2012年，很明显尚未确定铅对儿童产生不良影响的安全血铅阈值，疾病控制中心（CDC）目前使用的参考值为5 µg/dL。对近期基于GIS的研究文献的回顾表明，众多环境风险因素可能对铅暴露至关重要。新的基于GIS的研究被用于监测数据管理、风险分析、铅暴露可视化以及社区干预策略，在这些策略中会采取针对特定地理区域的具体干预措施。
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