Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.).
Pharmacol Rev. 2014 Jul;66(3):815-68. doi: 10.1124/pr.113.007757.
During the past 5 decades, it has been widely promulgated that the chemicals in plants that are good for health act as direct scavengers of free radicals. Here we review evidence that favors a different hypothesis for the health benefits of plant consumption, namely, that some phytochemicals exert disease-preventive and therapeutic actions by engaging one or more adaptive cellular response pathways in cells. The evolutionary basis for the latter mechanism is grounded in the fact that plants produce natural antifeedant/noxious chemicals that discourage insects and other organisms from eating them. However, in the amounts typically consumed by humans, the phytochemicals activate one or more conserved adaptive cellular stress response pathways and thereby enhance the ability of cells to resist injury and disease. Examplesof such pathways include those involving the transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, nuclear factor-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and forkhead box subgroup O, as well as the production and action of trophic factors and hormones. Translational research to develop interventions that target these pathways may lead to new classes of therapeutic agents that act by stimulating adaptive stress response pathways to bolster endogenous defenses against tissue injury and disease. Because neurons are particularly sensitive to potentially noxious phytochemicals, we focus on the nervous system but also include findings from other cell types in which actions of phytochemicals on specific signal transduction pathways have been more thoroughly studied.
在过去的 50 年中，人们广泛宣传植物中的有益健康的化学物质可作为自由基的直接清除剂。在这里，我们回顾了支持植物消费有益于健康的另一种假说的证据，即某些植物化学物质通过激活细胞中的一种或多种适应性细胞反应途径来发挥预防疾病和治疗作用。后一种机制的进化基础是植物产生天然的抗食/有毒化学物质，使昆虫和其他生物不愿食用它们。然而，在人类通常食用的量下，植物化学物质会激活一种或多种保守的适应性细胞应激反应途径，从而增强细胞抵抗损伤和疾病的能力。此类途径的示例包括涉及转录因子红系 2 相关因子 2、核因子-κB、缺氧诱导因子 1α、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ 和叉头框 O 以及营养因子和激素的产生和作用的途径。针对这些途径开发干预措施的转化研究可能会导致新的治疗药物类别，这些药物通过刺激适应性应激反应途径来增强针对组织损伤和疾病的内源性防御。由于神经元对潜在的有毒植物化学物质特别敏感，因此我们专注于神经系统，但也包括其他细胞类型的发现，其中植物化学物质对特定信号转导途径的作用已得到更深入的研究。
