Grassi Maria Caterina, Alessandri Guido, Pasquariello Stefania, Milioni Michela, Enea Domenico, Ceccanti Mauro, Nencini Paolo, Caprara Gian Vittorio
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer" School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:780146. doi: 10.1155/2014/780146. Epub 2014 May 22.
The literature documents that personality characteristics are associated with healthy lifestyles, including smoking. Among positive traits, Positivity (POS), defined as a general disposition conducive to facing experience under a positive outlook has shown robust associations with psychological health. Thus, the present study investigated the extent to which POS is able to predict (i) relapse after quitting smoking and (ii) the desire to smoke again. All participants (481) had previously attended a Group Counselling Program (GCP) for Smoking Cessation (from 2005 through 2010). They were contacted through telephone interview. Among participants, 244 were ex-smokers (age: years 56.3 ± 10.08, 52% female) and 237 were still-smokers (age: years 55.0 ± 9.63; 63.5% female). The association of POS with "craving to smoke" levels was assessed with multivariate linear regression analysis while controlling also for important differences in personality such as conscientiousness and general self-efficacy, as well as for gender and age. Results showed that POS was significantly and negatively associated with smoking status and with craving to smoke. Among covariates (i.e., conscientiousness, generalized self-efficacy), gender was associated with smoking status and with craving to smoke. Altogether these findings corroborate the idea that POS plays a significant role in sustaining individuals' efforts to quit smoking.
文献记载，人格特征与包括吸烟在内的健康生活方式有关。在积极特质中，积极心态（POS）被定义为一种有助于以积极的态度面对经历的总体倾向，它已显示出与心理健康有密切关联。因此，本研究调查了积极心态在多大程度上能够预测：（i）戒烟后的复吸情况，以及（ii）再次吸烟的欲望。所有参与者（481人）此前都参加过一个戒烟团体咨询项目（GCP）（从2005年至2010年）。通过电话访谈与他们取得联系。参与者中，244人已戒烟（年龄：56.3±10.08岁，女性占52%），237人仍在吸烟（年龄：55.0±9.63岁；女性占63.5%）。在控制诸如尽责性和一般自我效能等人格方面的重要差异以及性别和年龄的同时，通过多元线性回归分析评估积极心态与“吸烟渴望”水平之间的关联。结果显示，积极心态与吸烟状况以及吸烟渴望呈显著负相关。在协变量（即尽责性、一般自我效能）中，性别与吸烟状况以及吸烟渴望有关。总之，这些发现证实了积极心态在维持个体戒烟努力方面发挥着重要作用这一观点。
