Gradidge Philippe Jean-Luc, Crowther Nigel J, Chirwa Esnat D, Norris Shane A, Micklesfield Lisa K
Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (CESSM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
BMC Public Health. 2014 Sep 8;14:934. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-934.
Urban black South African women have a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the physical activity patterns of a cohort of middle-aged urban-dwelling black African women and to determine if physical activity is associated with anthropometric measures and metabolic outcomes in this population.
Physical activity and sitting time were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) in a cross-sectional study of 977 black African women (mean age 41.0 ± 7.84 years) from the Birth to Twenty study based in Soweto, Johannesburg. Anthropometric outcomes were measured and fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipid profile were analysed to determine metabolic disease risk and prevalence.
Sixty-seven percent of the population were classified as active according to GPAQ criteria, and the domain that contributed most to overall weekly physical activity was walking for travel. Only 45.0% of women participated in leisure time activity. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this sample was 40.0%, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 29.2% and 48.0%, respectively. Women who reported owning a motor vehicle walked for travel less, and participated in more leisure-time activity (both p < 0.01), while women who owned a television reported significantly lower moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and walking for travel (both p < 0.01). Sitting time (mins/wk) was not different between the activity groups, but was associated with triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure. Total physical activity was inversely associated with fasting insulin, and physical activity in the work domain was associated with fat free soft tissue mass.
The findings of this study show that the majority of urban dwelling black South African women are classified as physically active despite a high prevalence of obesity and metabolic disease risk factors. Sitting time had detrimental effects on both triglyceride levels and diastolic blood pressure whilst total physical activity attenuated fasting insulin levels. As walking for travel is a major contributor to physical activity, future research should attempt to determine whether the intensity of this activity plays a role in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
南非城市黑人女性中，肥胖和2型糖尿病等非传染性疾病的患病率很高。本研究的目的是评估一组居住在城市的中年非洲黑人女性的身体活动模式，并确定身体活动是否与该人群的人体测量指标和代谢结果相关。
在一项横断面研究中，使用全球身体活动问卷（GPAQ）对来自约翰内斯堡索韦托的“从出生到二十岁”研究中的977名非洲黑人女性（平均年龄41.0±7.84岁）的身体活动和久坐时间进行评估。测量人体测量结果，并分析空腹血糖、胰岛素和血脂谱，以确定代谢疾病风险和患病率。
根据GPAQ标准，67%的人群被归类为身体活动活跃，对总体每周身体活动贡献最大的领域是步行出行。只有45.0%的女性参与休闲时间活动。该样本中代谢综合征的患病率为40.0%，超重和肥胖的患病率分别为29.2%和48.0%。报告拥有机动车的女性步行出行较少，参与更多休闲时间活动（均p<0.01），而拥有电视机的女性报告的中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）和步行出行显著较低（均p<0.01）。活动组之间的久坐时间（分钟/周）没有差异，但与甘油三酯和舒张压相关。总身体活动与空腹胰岛素呈负相关，工作领域的身体活动与去脂软组织量相关。
本研究结果表明，尽管肥胖和代谢疾病风险因素患病率很高，但大多数居住在城市的南非黑人女性被归类为身体活动活跃。久坐时间对甘油三酯水平和舒张压均有不利影响，而总身体活动可降低空腹胰岛素水平。由于步行出行是身体活动的主要贡献因素，未来研究应尝试确定该活动的强度是否在预防心脏代谢疾病中发挥作用。
