Porta M Ilaria, Lenglet Annick, de Weerdt Silvia, Crestani Rosa, Sinke Renate, Frawley Mary Jo, Van Herp Michel, Zachariah Rony
Médecins Sans Frontières Belgium, Rue Dupré 94, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
Médecins Sans Frontières Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014 Dec;108(12):810-5. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/tru153. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
As an adjunct to cholera prevention measures, WHO advises the use of oral cholera vaccine through mass vaccination campaigns in high-risk areas and for vulnerable population groups. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a mass vaccination campaign using 1) a predominantly fixed and 2) a mobile door-to-door strategy.
Vaccination included administration of two doses (given 2 weeks apart) of oral cholera vaccine to individuals older than 1 year of age, in four refugee camps: Jamam, Doro, Batil and Gendrassa, and the host population in Maban County, South Sudan, from December 2012 to February 2013.
A total of 258 832 doses were administered to a population of 166 000 (126 000 refugees and 40 000 host population). The first round coverage for the refugees was above 84% for Doro, Jamam and Batil and 104% for Gendrassa. The second dose reached the same coverage as the first dose. For the host population, the coverage for the first dose was above 90% in Doro and Jamam and 53% in Gendrassa and Batil. For the second round, the coverage was above 79% in Doro and Jamam and above 70% in Batil and Gendrassa.
The vaccination of a large population in an emergency context proved to be feasible and acceptable and achieved high coverage. This is encouraging and is a way forward for reducing cholera related morbidity and mortality among vulnerable populations.
作为霍乱预防措施的补充，世界卫生组织建议在高危地区通过大规模疫苗接种运动以及针对弱势群体使用口服霍乱疫苗。我们评估了分别采用1）主要为固定接种点和2）流动挨家挨户接种策略进行大规模疫苗接种运动的可行性和可接受性。
在南苏丹马班县的四个难民营（贾马姆、多罗、巴蒂尔和根德拉萨）以及当地居民中，于2012年12月至2013年2月对1岁以上个体接种两剂（间隔2周）口服霍乱疫苗。
共向166,000人（126,000名难民和40,000名当地居民）接种了258,832剂疫苗。多罗、贾马姆和巴蒂尔难民营难民的第一轮接种覆盖率超过84%，根德拉萨难民营为104%。第二剂的接种覆盖率与第一剂相同。对于当地居民，多罗和贾马姆的第一剂接种覆盖率超过90%，根德拉萨和巴蒂尔为53%。第二轮接种中，多罗和贾马姆的接种覆盖率超过79%，巴蒂尔和根德拉萨超过70%。
在紧急情况下对大量人群进行疫苗接种被证明是可行且可接受的，并实现了高覆盖率。这令人鼓舞，是减少弱势群体中霍乱相关发病率和死亡率的一条途径。
