Hingorani Dina V, Bernstein Adam S, Pagel Mark D
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, USA.
Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2015 Jul-Aug;10(4):245-65. doi: 10.1002/cmmi.1629. Epub 2014 Oct 29.
This review focuses on MRI contrast agents that are responsive to a change in a physiological biomarker. The response mechanisms are dependent on six physicochemical characteristics, including the accessibility of water to the agent, tumbling time, proton exchange rate, electron spin state, MR frequency or superparamagnetism of the agent. These characteristics can be affected by changes in concentrations or activities of enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, or metal ions, or changes in redox state, pH, temperature, or light. A total of 117 examples are presented, including ones that employ nuclei other than (1) H, which attests to the creativity of multidisciplinary research efforts to develop responsive MRI contrast agents.
本综述聚焦于对生理生物标志物变化有响应的磁共振成像（MRI）造影剂。其响应机制取决于六个物理化学特性，包括造影剂对水的可及性、翻滚时间、质子交换率、电子自旋状态、磁共振频率或造影剂的超顺磁性。这些特性会受到酶、蛋白质、核酸、代谢物或金属离子的浓度或活性变化，或氧化还原状态、pH值、温度或光照变化的影响。总共给出了117个例子，包括使用除（1）H之外其他原子核的例子，这证明了开发响应性MRI造影剂的多学科研究工作的创造性。
