Balmes J R, Fine J M, Gordon T, Sheppard D
Lung Biology Center, Northern California Occupational Health Center, San Francisco.
Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Feb;79:163-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8979163.
Acid fog is complex and contains multiple stimuli that may be capable of inducing bronchoconstriction. These stimuli include sulfuric and niric acids, the principal inorganic acids present; sulfites, formed in the atmosphere as a reaction product of sulfur dioxide and water droplets; fog water itself, a hypoosmolar aerosol; the organic acid hydroxymethanesulfonate, the bisulfite adduct of formaldehyde; and gaseous pollutants, e.g., sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, ozone. Given this complexity, evaluation of the respiratory health effects of naturally occurring acid fog requires assessment of the bronchoconstrictor potency of each component stimulus and possible interactions among these stimuli. We summarize the results of three studies that involve characterization of the bronchoconstrictor potency of acid fog stimuli and/or their interaction in subjects with asthma. The results of the first study indicate that titratable acidity appears to be a more important stimulus to bronchoconstriction than is pH. The results of the second study demonstrate that sulfite species are capable of inducing bronchoconstriction, especially when inhaled at acid pH. The results of the third study suggest that acidity can potentiate hypoosmolar fog-induced bronchoconstriction.
酸雾成分复杂，包含多种可能诱发支气管收缩的刺激物。这些刺激物包括硫酸和硝酸，它们是主要的无机酸；亚硫酸盐，在大气中由二氧化硫和水滴反应生成；雾水本身，一种低渗气溶胶；有机酸羟甲基磺酸，甲醛的亚硫酸氢盐加合物；以及气态污染物，如二氧化硫、氮氧化物、臭氧。鉴于这种复杂性，评估天然酸雾对呼吸道健康的影响需要评估每种成分刺激物的支气管收缩效力以及这些刺激物之间可能的相互作用。我们总结了三项研究的结果，这些研究涉及对酸雾刺激物的支气管收缩效力及其在哮喘患者中的相互作用进行表征。第一项研究的结果表明，可滴定酸度似乎比pH值对支气管收缩的刺激作用更重要。第二项研究的结果表明，亚硫酸盐能够诱发支气管收缩，尤其是在酸性pH值下吸入时。第三项研究的结果表明，酸度可增强低渗雾诱发的支气管收缩。
