Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.
Chem Soc Rev. 2015 Feb 7;44(3):790-814. doi: 10.1039/c4cs00226a.
Nanotechnology refers to the fabrication, characterization, and application of substances in nanometer scale dimensions for various ends. The influence of nanotechnology on the healthcare industry is substantial, particularly in the areas of disease diagnosis and treatment. Recent investigations in nanotechnology for drug delivery and tissue engineering have delivered high-impact contributions in translational research, with associated pharmaceutical products and applications. Over the past decade, the synthesis of nanofibers or nanoparticles via electrostatic spinning or spraying, respectively, has emerged as an important nanostructuring methodology. This is due to both the versatility of the electrospinning/electrospraying process and the ensuing control of nanofiber/nanoparticle surface parameters. Electrosprayed nanoparticles and electrospun nanofibers are both employed as natural or synthetic carriers for the delivery of entrapped drugs, growth factors, health supplements, vitamins, and so on. The role of nanofiber/nanoparticle carriers is substantiated by the programmed, tailored, or targeted release of their contents in the guise of tissue engineering scaffolds or medical devices for drug delivery. This review focuses on the nanoformulation of natural materials via the electrospraying or electrospinning of nanoparticles or nanofibers for tissue engineering or drug delivery/pharmaceutical purposes. Here, we classify the natural materials with respect to their animal/plant origin and macrocyclic, small molecule or herbal active constituents, and further categorize the materials according to their proteinaceous or saccharide nature.
纳米技术是指在纳米尺度范围内对物质进行制造、表征和应用，以实现各种目的。纳米技术对医疗保健行业的影响是巨大的，特别是在疾病诊断和治疗领域。最近在纳米技术用于药物输送和组织工程方面的研究在转化研究中做出了重大贡献，相关的制药产品和应用也相继出现。在过去的十年中，通过静电纺丝或喷涂分别合成纳米纤维或纳米粒子已成为一种重要的纳米结构方法。这是由于电纺丝/静电喷涂工艺的多功能性以及对纳米纤维/纳米粒子表面参数的控制。电喷纳米粒子和静电纺纳米纤维都可用作天然或合成载体，用于输送包裹的药物、生长因子、保健品、维生素等。纳米纤维/纳米粒子载体的作用是通过其内容物的程序性、定制性或靶向释放来实现，这些载体以组织工程支架或药物输送医疗设备的形式存在。本综述重点介绍了通过电喷或静电纺丝纳米粒子或纳米纤维对天然材料进行纳米配方，以实现组织工程或药物输送/药物制剂的目的。在这里，我们根据动物/植物来源以及大环、小分子或草药活性成分对天然材料进行分类，并根据其蛋白质或糖性质进一步对材料进行分类。
