MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Biotechnol Adv. 2015 Nov 15;33(7):1433-42. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.008. Epub 2014 Oct 27.
Industrial biotechnology aims to produce chemicals, materials and biofuels to ease the challenges of shortage on petroleum. However, due to the disadvantages of bioprocesses including energy consuming sterilization, high fresh water consumption, discontinuous fermentation to avoid microbial contamination, highly expensive stainless steel fermentation facilities and competing substrates for human consumption, industrial biotechnology is less competitive compared with chemical processes. Recently, halophiles have shown promises to overcome these shortcomings. Due to their unique halophilic properties, some halophiles are able to grow in high pH and high NaCl containing medium under higher temperature, allowing fermentation processes to run contamination free under unsterile conditions and continuous way. At the same time, genetic manipulation methods have been developed for halophiles. So far, halophiles have been used to produce bioplastics polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), ectoines, enzymes, and bio-surfactants. Increasing effects have been made to develop halophiles into a low cost platform for bioprocessing with advantages of low energy, less fresh water consumption, low fixed capital investment, and continuous production.
工业生物技术旨在生产化学品、材料和生物燃料，以缓解石油短缺带来的挑战。然而，由于生物工艺的缺点，包括能源消耗的灭菌、高耗水量、为避免微生物污染而进行的不连续发酵、非常昂贵的不锈钢发酵设备以及与人争用的底物，工业生物技术的竞争力不如化学工艺。最近，嗜盐菌显示出克服这些缺点的潜力。由于其独特的嗜盐特性，一些嗜盐菌能够在高 pH 值和高 NaCl 含量的培养基中，在较高温度下生长，从而使发酵过程在非无菌条件下和连续方式下能够不受污染地进行。同时，已经开发了用于嗜盐菌的遗传操作方法。到目前为止，嗜盐菌已被用于生产生物塑料聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）、胞外多糖、酶和生物表面活性剂。已经取得了越来越多的进展，将嗜盐菌开发成为一种具有低能耗、低耗水量、低固定资本投资和连续生产等优势的低成本生物加工平台。
